How to format your references using the Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Smaglik P. Rewarding season. Nature. 2004;431:1019.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Menand T, Tait SR. A phenomenological model for precursor volcanic eruptions. Nature. 2001;411:678–80.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Gestwicki JE, Crabtree GR, Graef IA. Harnessing chaperones to generate small-molecule inhibitors of amyloid beta aggregation. Science. 2004;306:865–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Zhou J, Jia W, Huang C-B, Hess RF. The effect of unilateral mean luminance on binocular combination in normal and amblyopic vision. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2012.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Dean JR. Practical Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy: Dean/Plasma. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

1. Borowitzka MA, Beardall J, Raven JA, editors. The Physiology of Microalgae. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Phipps AI, Li CI. Endogenous Hormones. In: Li C, editor. Breast Cancer Epidemiology. New York, NY: Springer; 2010. p. 73–87.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance.

Blog post

1. Fang J. What’s Happening To The Flowers At Fukushima? [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/deformed-daisies-spotted-near-fukushima/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Aviation Security: Transportation Security Administration May Face Resource and Other Challenges in Developing a System to Screen All Cargo Transported on Passenger Aircraft. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2008 Jul. Report No.: GAO-08-959T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Tabone B. Knowledge and awareness of the Female Athlete Triad among female collegiate athletes at California State University, Long Beach [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Sisario B. Kings of Leon Finally Top the Chart. New York Times. 2016 Oct 24;C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Abbreviation	J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson.
ISSN (online)	1532-429X
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Family Practice Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Radiological and Ultrasound Technology