How to format your references using the Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Bourzac K. Diagnosis: Early warning system. Nature. 2014;513:S4-6.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Cascales E, Christie PJ. Definition of a bacterial type IV secretion pathway for a DNA substrate. Science. 2004;304:1170–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Mace KA, Pearson JC, McGinnis W. An epidermal barrier wound repair pathway in Drosophila is mediated by grainy head. Science. 2005;308:381–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Mourka A, Mazilu M, Wright EM, Dholakia K. Modal characterization using principal component analysis: application to Bessel, higher-order Gaussian beams and their superposition. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1422.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Tao F, Zhang L, Hu Y. Resource Service Management in Manufacturing Grid System. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

1. Davis B, Kaljurand K, Kuhn T, editors. Controlled Natural Language: 4th International Workshop, CNL 2014, Galway, Ireland, August 20-22, 2014. Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Skadiņa I, Veisbergs A, Vasiļjevs A, Gornostaja T, Keiša I, Rudzīte A. Par META-NET. In: Rehm G, Uszkoreit H, editors. The Latvian Language in the Digital Age. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. p. 39–39.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance.

Blog post

1. Hamilton K. Understanding Genetic Differences Between Breast Cancer Tumors Is Key To Better Treatment. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Requirements for Recurring Reports to the Congress. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1980 Nov. Report No.: PAD-80-49.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Lackey GM. The efficacy of using a natural soil additive for the establishment, survival and diversity of native prairie and spontaneously colonizing plant communities on unirrigated green roofs in a humid subtropical climate [Doctoral dissertation]. [Mississippi State, MS]: Mississippi State University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Walsh MW. In Puerto Rico, Talks Resume Between Utility and Creditors. New York Times. 2016 Jan 29;B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Abbreviation	J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson.
ISSN (online)	1532-429X
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Family Practice Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Radiological and Ultrasound Technology