How to format your references using the Journal of Bridge Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Bridge Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cruikshank, D. P. 2010. “Planetary science. Generating an atmosphere.” Science, 330 (6012): 1755–1756.

A journal article with 2 authors

Makinoshima, H., and M. S. Glickman. 2005. “Regulation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell envelope composition and virulence by intramembrane proteolysis.” Nature, 436 (7049): 406–409.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lu, L. Y., N. Ou, and Q.-B. Lu. 2013. “Antioxidant induces DNA damage, cell death and mutagenicity in human lung and skin normal cells.” Sci. Rep., 3: 3169.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Drögemüller, C., E. K. Karlsson, M. K. Hytönen, M. Perloski, G. Dolf, K. Sainio, H. Lohi, K. Lindblad-Toh, and T. Leeb. 2008. “A mutation in hairless dogs implicates FOXI3 in ectodermal development.” Science, 321 (5895): 1462.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Daries, H. 2012. Nutrition for Sport and Exercise. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.,.

An edited book

Koziel, S. 2014. Antenna Design by Simulation-Driven Optimization. SpringerBriefs in Optimization, (S. Ogurtsov, ed.). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Hansson, S. O. 2014. “Agricultural Biotechnology for Health and the Environment.” Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Sustainable Development and Biodiversity, M. R. Ahuja and K. G. Ramawat, eds., 67–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Bridge Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2015. “Giant Galaxies Die From The Inside When They Stop Making Stars.” IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/giant-galaxies-die-inside-when-they-stop-making-stars/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1979. Grumman Corporation Computer Software Development Costs and Licensing Fees Paid by the Government. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shabalin, A. A. 2010. “Detection of low rank signals in noise and fast correlation mining with applications to large biological data.” Doctoral dissertation. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow, L. 2007. “Fears of Brown Tide in Suffolk Waters.” New York Times, July 15, 2007.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Cruikshank 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Cruikshank 2010; Makinoshima and Glickman 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Makinoshima and Glickman 2005)
Three or more authors: (Drögemüller et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Bridge Engineering
Abbreviation	J. Bridge Eng.
ISSN (print)	1084-0702
ISSN (online)	1943-5592
Scope	Civil and Structural Engineering Building and Construction