How to format your references using the Journal of Bridge Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Bridge Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nittler, L. R. 2004. “Astronomy. Nuclear fossils in stardust.” Science, 303 (5658): 636–637.

A journal article with 2 authors

Deban, S. M., and W. M. Olson. 2002. “Suction feeding by a tiny predatory tadpole.” Nature, 420 (6911): 41–42.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fotso, H., K. Mikelsons, and J. K. Freericks. 2014. “Thermalization of field driven quantum systems.” Sci. Rep., 4: 4699.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Korou, L.-M., G. Agrogiannis, C. Koros, E. Kitraki, I. S. Vlachos, I. Tzanetakou, T. Karatzas, V. Pergialiotis, D. Dimitroulis, and D. N. Perrea. 2014. “Impact of N-acetylcysteine and sesame oil on lipid metabolism and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis homeostasis in middle-aged hypercholesterolemic mice.” Sci. Rep., 4: 6806.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Leung, M.-Y., I. Y. S. Chan, and C. L. Cooper. 2014. Stress Management in the Construction Industry. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Barnett, A. G. 2010. Analysing Seasonal Health Data. Statistics for Biology and Health, (A. J. Dobson, ed.). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Adams, W. W., III, C. R. Zarter, K. E. Mueh, V. Amiard, and B. Demmig-Adams. 2006. “Energy Dissipation and Photoinhibition: A Continuum of Photoprotection.” Photoprotection, Photoinhibition, Gene Regulation, and Environment, Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, B. Demmig-Adams, W. W. Adams, and A. K. Mattoo, eds., 49–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Bridge Engineering.

Blog post

Luntz, S. 2014. “Dwarf Galaxies Fail To Match Expectations.” IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1981. Problems Plague National Weather Service ADP System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Williams, A. 2010. “Kindergarten through third grade reading tutors in Northeast Mississippi.” Doctoral dissertation. Mississippi State, MS: Mississippi State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, J. 2017. “Alone Among Starters: Healthy and Dominant.” New York Times, July 25, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Nittler 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Deban and Olson 2002; Nittler 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Deban and Olson 2002)
Three or more authors: (Korou et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Bridge Engineering
Abbreviation	J. Bridge Eng.
ISSN (print)	1084-0702
ISSN (online)	1943-5592
Scope	Civil and Structural Engineering Building and Construction