How to format your references using the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Bone and Mineral Research (JBMR). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Duncan SR. Perspective: Clues, not conclusions. Nature. 2012 Sep 27;489(7417):S15.

A journal article with 2 authors

Klejnot J, Lin C. Plant sciences. A CONSTANS experience brought to light. Science. 2004 Feb 13;303(5660):965–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Arakawa H, Hauschild J, Buerstedde J-M. Requirement of the activation-induced deaminase (AID) gene for immunoglobulin gene conversion. Science. 2002 Feb 15;295(5558):1301–6.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Macrì S, Ceci C, Altabella L, Canese R, Laviola G. The Directive 2010/63/EU on animal experimentation may skew the conclusions of pharmacological and behavioural studies. Sci. Rep. 2013;3:2380.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Weiss J. Handbook of Ion Chromatography. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2016.

An edited book

Tennberg M, editor. Governing the Uncertain: Adaptation and Climate in Russia and Finland. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Singh D, Choudhary MK, Meena ML, Roy MM. Oran Dynamics: A Community-Based Biodiversity Management System in India’s Arid Zone. In: Bose P, van Dijk H, editors. Dryland Forests: Management and Social Diversity in Africa and Asia. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 73–93.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Bone and Mineral Research.

Blog post

Davis J. Researchers Discover Mechanism That Drives Going To Sleep And Waking Up [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/researchers-discover-mechanism-which-drives-going-sleep-and-waking/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Highway Safety Research and Development--Better Management Can Make It More Useful. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1980 Jul. Report No.: CED-80-87.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Vu MH. Efficiency of pair-wise and multiple alignment algorithms in computational biology [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cowen T. How a Marriage of Equals May Promote Inequality. New York Times. 2015 Dec 24;BU6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference ⁽¹⁾.
This sentence cites two references ^(1,2).
This sentence cites four references ^(1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
Abbreviation	J. Bone Miner. Res.
ISSN (print)	0884-0431
ISSN (online)	1523-4681
Scope	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Orthopedics and Sports Medicine