How to format your references using the Journal of Bioethical Inquiry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Bioethical Inquiry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schadt, Eric E. 2009. Molecular networks as sensors and drivers of common human diseases. Nature 461: 218–223.

A journal article with 2 authors

Agarwal, Nisheeth, and William R. Bishai. 2010. Microbiology. Subversion from the sidelines. Science (New York, N.Y.) 327: 417–418.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nygård, J., D. H. Cobden, and P. E. Lindelof. 2000. Kondo physics in carbon nanotubes. Nature 408: 342–346.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Clarke, Julia A., Claudia P. Tambussi, Jorge I. Noriega, Gregory M. Erickson, and Richard A. Ketcham. 2005. Definitive fossil evidence for the extant avian radiation in the Cretaceous. Nature 433: 305–308.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Das, Sajal Kumar. 2010. Mobile Handset Design. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Lima, Giuseppina P. P., and Fabio Vianello, ed. 2013. Food Quality, Safety and Technology. Vienna: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Sinha, Suman, Prem Chandra Pandey, Laxmi Kant Sharma, Mahendra Singh Nathawat, Pavan Kumar, and Shruti Kanga. 2014. Remote Estimation of Land Surface Temperature for Different LULC Features of a Moist Deciduous Tropical Forest Region. In Remote Sensing Applications in Environmental Research, ed. Prashant K. Srivastava, Saumitra Mukherjee, Manika Gupta, and Tanvir Islam, 57–68. Society of Earth Scientists Series. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Bioethical Inquiry.

Blog post

Andrews, Robin. 2016. Is It A Bad Idea To Give Your Cats Brain Freeze? IFLScience. IFLScience. July 13.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1972. Identification of NASA Research and Development Programs Subject to Benefit-Cost Analysis. B-176104. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kutash, Mary. 2015. The Relationship Between Nurses’ Emotional Intelligence and Patient Outcomes. Doctoral dissertation, Tampa, FL: University of South Florida.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Van Witsendavid Montefioregina Paglia, Bernard L. Faberhelen G. Tierneymary Curtiskathryn Schackner James Kelly Conklinjohn Christian Andersonjohn Rewaldhelen B. Orbanjenifer E. Johnsonleo. 1978. Letters TO THE EDITOR; The Arts and Mrs. Mondale Apple Annie Fashions Girth and Great Voices. New York Times, April 2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Schadt 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Schadt 2009; Agarwal and Bishai 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Agarwal and Bishai 2010)
Three or more authors: (Clarke et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Bioethical Inquiry
ISSN (print)	1176-7529
ISSN (online)	1872-4353
Scope