How to format your references using the Journal of Bioethical Inquiry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Bioethical Inquiry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Savage, Neil. 2015. Synthetic coatings: Super surfaces. Nature 519: S7-9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Panian, John, and David Wiltschko. 2004. Ramp initiation in a thrust wedge. Nature 427: 624–627.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mungall, James E., Doreen E. Ames, and Jacob J. Hanley. 2004. Geochemical evidence from the Sudbury structure for crustal redistribution by large bolide impacts. Nature 429: 546–548.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Dai, Yingying, Han Wang, Teng Yang, Weijun Ren, and Zhidong Zhang. 2014. Flower-like dynamics of coupled Skyrmions with dual resonant modes by a single-frequency microwave magnetic field. Scientific reports 4: 6153.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Morrow, Elizabeth, Annette Boaz, Sally Brearley, and Fiona Ross. 2011. Handbook of Service User Involvement in Nursing and Healthcare Research. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Knust, Michaela, and Anke Hanft, ed. 2009. Continuing Higher Education and Lifelong Learning: An international comparative study on structures, organisation and provisions. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Pan, Ming, and Cory Czarnik. 2016. Image Detectors for Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy (ETEM). In Controlled Atmosphere Transmission Electron Microscopy: Principles and Practice, ed. Thomas Willum Hansen and Jakob Birkedal Wagner, 143–164. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Bioethical Inquiry.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2015. Curious Great White Sharks Surround Paddle Boarders. IFLScience. IFLScience. July 2.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1994. Title I Formula in S. 1513. HEHS-94-190R. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Salam, Sajjad. 2017. Interplay between Fines Content and Strength Characteristics of CA 6 and CA 2 Crushed Limestone Aggregate. Doctoral dissertation, Edwardsville, IL: Southern Illinois University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vlasic, Bill, and Mary M. Chapman. 2015. U.A.W. Is Said to Flatly Reject Fiat Chrysler Contract Offer. New York Times, October 1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Savage 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Panian and Wiltschko 2004; Savage 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Panian and Wiltschko 2004)
Three or more authors: (Dai et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Bioethical Inquiry
ISSN (print)	1176-7529
ISSN (online)	1872-4353
Scope