How to format your references using the Journal of Big Data citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Big Data. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Ray LB. Metabolism. Metabolism is not boring. Introduction. Science. 2010;330:1337.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Pujolle-Robic C, Noirez L. Observation of shear-induced nematic-isotropic transition in side-chain liquid crystal polymers. Nature. 2001;409:167–71.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Bergquist DC, Williams FM, Fisher CR. Longevity record for deep-sea invertebrate. Nature. 2000;403:499–500.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Maile T, Kwoczynski S, Katzenberger RJ, Wassarman DA, Sauer F. TAF1 activates transcription by phosphorylation of serine 33 in histone H2B. Science. 2004;304:1010–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Armaroli N, Balzani V. Energy for a Sustainable World. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2010.

An edited book

1. Anastassiou GA. Intelligent Numerical Methods II: Applications to Multivariate Fractional Calculus. Argyros IK, editor. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. van de Kaa DJ. On the Societal Impact of Modern Contraception. In: Beets G, Schippers J, te Velde ER, editors. The Future of Motherhood in Western Societies: Late Fertility and its Consequences. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2011. p. 49–60.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Big Data.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. The 2015 Sierra Nevada Snowpack Is At A 500-Year Record Low [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/2015-sierra-nevada-snowpack-500-year-record-low/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Federal Research: Concerns About Developing and Producing Magnets for the Superconducting Super Collider. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991 May. Report No.: T-RCED-91-51.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Selph CS. Origins of Music Programs in Liberal Arts Institutions: The Story of Three Florida Catholic Universities [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tampa, FL]: University of South Florida; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Kenigsberg B. In the Pool, Autism Is No Barrier to Winning. New York Times. 2017 Jul 6;C7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Big Data
Abbreviation	J. Big Data
ISSN (online)	2196-1115
Scope