How to format your references using the Journal of Big Data citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Big Data. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Grayson M. Symposium overview: Raising standards. Nature. 2015;520:S10-2.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Holme R, de Viron O. Characterization and implications of intradecadal variations in length of day. Nature. 2013;499:202–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Scarola VW, Park K, Jain JK. Cooper instability of composite fermions. Nature. 2000;406:863–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Wu R, Cui L, Chen L, Wang C, Cao C, Sheng G, et al. Effects of bio-Au nanoparticles on electrochemical activity of Shewanella oneidensis wild type and ΔomcA/mtrC mutant. Sci Rep. 2013;3:3307.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Smith P. Structural Design of Buildings. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

1. Kern E-M, Hegering H-G, Brügge B, editors. Managing Development and Application of Digital Technologies: Research Insights in the Munich Center for Digital Technology & Management (CDTM). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Foshay WR, Villachica SW, Stepich DA. Cousins but Not Twins: Instructional Design and Human Performance Technology in the Workplace. In: Spector JM, Merrill MD, Elen J, Bishop MJ, editors. Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology. New York, NY: Springer; 2014. p. 39–49.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Big Data.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. Stunning Fossils Rewrite Evolutionary History of Life on Earth [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/stunning-fossils-rewrite-evolutionary-history/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Bureau of Indian Affairs Schools: New Facilities Management Information System Promising, but Improved Data Accuracy Needed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003 Jul. Report No.: GAO-03-692.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Anderson CW. Breaking journalism down: Work, authority, and networking local news, 1997–2009 [Doctoral dissertation]. [New York, NY]: Columbia University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Saslow L. Suffolk Schools to Say Goodbye to DARE. New York Times. 2007 Nov 25;14LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Big Data
Abbreviation	J. Big Data
ISSN (online)	2196-1115
Scope