How to format your references using the Journal of Baltic Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Baltic Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Crowther, Richard. 2002. “Space Science. Space Junk--Protecting Space for Future Generations.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 296 (5571): 1241–1242.

A journal article with 2 authors

Anderson, R. T., and D. R. Lovley. 2000. “Hexadecane Decay by Methanogenesis.” Nature 404 (6779): 722–723.

A journal article with 3 authors

Caraveo-Frescas, J. A., M. A. Khan, and H. N. Alshareef. 2014. “Polymer Ferroelectric Field-Effect Memory Device with SnO Channel Layer Exhibits Record Hole Mobility.” Scientific Reports 4 (June): 5243.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Quimby, R. M., S. R. Kulkarni, M. M. Kasliwal, A. Gal-Yam, I. Arcavi, M. Sullivan, P. Nugent, et al. 2011. “Hydrogen-Poor Superluminous Stellar Explosions.” Nature 474 (7352): 487–489.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Malina, Mike. 2013. Delivering Sustainable Buildings. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Berbineau, Marion, Magnus Jonsson, Jean-Marie Bonnin, Soumaya Cherkaoui, Marina Aguado, Cristina Rico-Garcia, Hassan Ghannoum, Rashid Mehmood, and Alexey Vinel, eds. 2013. Communication Technologies for Vehicles: 5th International Workshop, Nets4Cars/Nets4Trains 2013, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France, May 14-15, 2013. Proceedings. Vol. 7865. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Sobhani-Tehrani, Ehsan, and Khashayar Khorasani. 2009. “Proposed FDII for Nonlinear Systems with Partial State Measurement.” In Fault Diagnosis of Nonlinear Systems Using a Hybrid Approach, edited by Khashayar Khorasani, 71–97. Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences. Boston, MA: Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Baltic Studies.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2015. “The Scientific Way to Cut a Cake.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/scientific-way-cut-cake/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2006. Highlights of a GAO Forum: Managing the Supplier Base in the 21st Century. GAO-06-533SP. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Alderson, Maryanne. 2017. “Procedural Justice and Police Encounters with Homeless Injecting Drug Users.” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

MacFARQUHAR, Neil. 2017. “Demonstrators Hit the Streets to Fight Moscow’s Mass Renovation Plan.” New York Times, May 15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Crowther 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Crowther 2002; Anderson and Lovley 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Anderson and Lovley 2000)
Three authors: (Caraveo-Frescas, Khan, and Alshareef 2014)
4 or more authors: (Quimby et al. 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Baltic Studies
Abbreviation	J. Balt. Stud.
ISSN (print)	0162-9778
ISSN (online)	1751-7877
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) Cultural Studies