How to format your references using the Journal of Applied Geophysics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Applied Geophysics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

MacWilliams, B., 2001. It’s a dog’s life for Siberian foxes. Nature 412, 845.

A journal article with 2 authors

Carmeliet, P., Jain, R.K., 2011. Molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of angiogenesis. Nature 473, 298–307.

A journal article with 3 authors

Aharonian, F.A., Bogovalov, S.V., Khangulyan, D., 2012. Abrupt acceleration of a “cold” ultrarelativistic wind from the Crab pulsar. Nature 482, 507–509.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Gansel, J.K., Thiel, M., Rill, M.S., Decker, M., Bade, K., Saile, V., von Freymann, G., Linden, S., Wegener, M., 2009. Gold helix photonic metamaterial as broadband circular polarizer. Science 325, 1513–1515.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Canham, J., Bennett, J., 2008. Mentorship in Community Nursing: Challenges and Opportunities. Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Svennerberg, G., 2010. Beginning Google Maps API 3. Apress, Berkeley, CA.

A chapter in an edited book

Sharma, V.K., Sohn, M., 2012. Oxidation of Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins by Chlorine Dioxide. Implications for Water Treatment, in: Lichtfouse, E., Schwarzbauer, J., Robert, D. (Eds.), Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World: Volume 2: Remediation of Air and Water Pollution. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 237–254.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Applied Geophysics.

Blog post

Taub, B., 2016. Hunting Could Cause Birds To Develop Bigger Brains [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/hunting-could-cause-birds-to-develop-bigger-brains/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1986. ADP, IRM & Telecommunications, 1985 (No. IMTEC-86-9). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ficchi, G., 2017. A Qualitative Inquiry: Parental Approaches and Expectations, What Role Does Disability Play? (Doctoral dissertation). University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K., 2001. Refurbishing a Courthouse, If Not Its Reputation. New York Times 144.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (MacWilliams, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Carmeliet and Jain, 2011; MacWilliams, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Carmeliet and Jain, 2011)
Three or more authors: (Gansel et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Applied Geophysics
Abbreviation	J. Appl. Geophy.
ISSN (print)	0926-9851
Scope	Geophysics