How to format your references using the Journal of Applied Geophysics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Applied Geophysics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Weaver, J.F., 2013. Chemistry. Entropies of adsorbed molecules exceed expectations. Science 339, 39–40.

A journal article with 2 authors

Agnor, C.B., Hamilton, D.P., 2006. Neptune’s capture of its moon Triton in a binary-planet gravitational encounter. Nature 441, 192–194.

A journal article with 3 authors

van den Engh, G., Nelson, P., Roach, J., 2000. Numismatic gyrations. Nature 408, 540.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Hoopengardner, B., Bhalla, T., Staber, C., Reenan, R., 2003. Nervous system targets of RNA editing identified by comparative genomics. Science 301, 832–836.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Peat, J., Elliott, E., Baur, L., Keena, V., 2002. Scientific Writing Easy when you know how. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., London, WC.

An edited book

Tennberg, M. (Ed.), 2012. Governing the Uncertain: Adaptation and Climate in Russia and Finland. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Kamp, L.M., 2010. Obstacles to and Facilitators of the Implementation of Small Urban Wind Turbines in the Netherlands, in: Sarkis, J., Cordeiro, J.J., Vazquez Brust, D. (Eds.), Facilitating Sustainable Innovation through Collaboration: A Multi-Stakeholder Perspective. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 59–76.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Applied Geophysics.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Stalagmites Preserve 3,000 Years of Northern Hemisphere Climate [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/environment/stalagmites-preserve-3000-years-northern-hemisphere-climate/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1989. Commercial Fishing Vessel: Administration of the Colintino Rose II Loan Guarantee (No. RCED-89-105). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Vu, M.K., 2015. Reducing mental health provider burnout through wellness: A grant proposal (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Otis, J., 2016. Positive Outlook in the Face of Cancer and Grief. New York Times A22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Weaver, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Agnor and Hamilton, 2006; Weaver, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Agnor and Hamilton, 2006)
Three or more authors: (Hoopengardner et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Applied Geophysics
Abbreviation	J. Appl. Geophy.
ISSN (print)	0926-9851
Scope	Geophysics