How to format your references using the Journal of Applied Ecology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Applied Ecology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Feibelman, P. J. (2002). Partial dissociation of water on Ru(0001). Science (New York, N.Y.), 295(5552), 99–102.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wickens, M., & Gonzalez, T. N. (2004). Molecular biology. Knives, accomplices, and RNA. Science (New York, N.Y.), 306(5700), 1299–1300.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ghosh, P., Garzione, C. N., & Eiler, J. M. (2006). Rapid uplift of the Altiplano revealed through 13C-18O bonds in paleosol carbonates. Science (New York, N.Y.), 311(5760), 511–515.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Jin, X., Li, Q., Li, Y., Chen, Z., Wei, T.-H., He, X., & Sun, W. (2014). Energy level control: toward an efficient hot electron transport. Scientific Reports, 4, 5983.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gladon, R. J., Graves, W. R., & Kelly, J. M. (2011). Getting Published in the Life Sciences. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Tollefsen, C. (Ed.). (2008). Artificial Nutrition and Hydration: The New Catholic Debate. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

González-Araya, M. C., Soto-Silva, W. E., & Espejo, L. G. A. (2015). Harvest Planning in Apple Orchards Using an Optimization Model. In L. M. Plà-Aragonés (Ed.), Handbook of Operations Research in Agriculture and the Agri-Food Industry (pp. 79–105). New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Applied Ecology.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2015, November 18). Company That Upped Drug Price By 5,000% Reports $14.6 Million Loss In Three Months. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from IFLScience website: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/company-upped-aids-drug-5000-reports-146-million-loss-3-months/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1983). Need To Improve Management of ACDA’s Automatic Data Processing and Operations Analysis Functions (No. NSIAD-83-66). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ponti, C. M. (2010). The musical representation of Asian characters in the musicals of Richard Rodgers (Doctoral dissertation). University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Markoff, J. (2016, October 23). As Artificial Intelligence Evolves, So Does Its Criminal Potential. New York Times, p. B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Feibelman, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Feibelman, 2002; Wickens & Gonzalez, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wickens & Gonzalez, 2004)
Three authors: (Ghosh, Garzione, & Eiler, 2006)
6 or more authors: (Jin et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Applied Ecology
Abbreviation	J. Appl. Ecol.
ISSN (print)	0021-8901
ISSN (online)	1365-2664
Scope	Ecology