How to format your references using the Journal of Animal Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Animal Science (JAS). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kelley, K. A. 2014. Geophysics. Inside Earth runs hot and cold. Science. 344:51–52.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pan, H., and B. Chen. 2014. Ultra-flexibility and unusual electronic, magnetic and chemical properties of waved graphenes and nanoribbons. Sci. Rep. 4:4198.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ur, J. A., P. Karsgaard, and J. Oates. 2007. Early urban development in the Near East. Science. 317:1188.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

Lei, Y., Z.-H. Huang, Y. Yang, W. Shen, Y. Zheng, H. Sun, and F. Kang. 2013. Porous mesocarbon microbeads with graphitic shells: constructing a high-rate, high-capacity cathode for hybrid supercapacitor. Sci. Rep. 3:2477.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gu, X., N. Jiang, K. Ji, H. Li, X. Qiu, W. Li, X. Ji, H. Du, B. Sheng, and H. Huang. 2017. Self-healing Control Technology for Distribution Networks. John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd, Singapore.

An edited book

Billett, S., C. Harteis, and H. Gruber, eds. 2014. International Handbook of Research in Professional and Practice-based Learning. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Sun, C., Y. Deng, B. Tang, and S. Zhong. 2016. Urban Traffic Operation Pattern and Spatiotemporal Mode Based on Big Data (Taking Beijing Urban Area as an Example). In: F. Bian and Y. Xie, editors. Geo-Informatics in Resource Management and Sustainable Ecosystem: Third International Conference, GRMSE 2015, Wuhan, China, October 16-18, 2015, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. p. 32–47.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Animal Science.

Blog post

Luntz, S. 2014. Stomach Ulcer Bacteria Evolve To Outwit Immune System. IFLScience. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/stomach-ulcer-bacteria-evolve-outwit-immune-system/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2012. DOD Business Systems Modernization: Governance Mechanisms for Implementing Management Controls Need to Be Improved. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gelbart, O. 2008. Integrated hardware/software approaches to software security for embedded systems [Doctoral dissertation]. George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, J. 2017. Once ‘All In,’ Mets Are More Than 10 Games Out at the All-Star Break. New York Times. D5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kelley, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Kelley, 2014; Pan and Chen, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Pan and Chen, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Lei et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Animal Science
Abbreviation	J. Anim. Sci.
ISSN (print)	0021-8812
ISSN (online)	1525-3163
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Food Science Genetics General Medicine