How to format your references using the Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dyson F. The death of a star. Nature. 2005 Dec 22;438(7071):1086.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kim N, Grey CP. Probing oxygen motion in disordered anionic conductors with 17O and 51V MAS NMR spectroscopy. Science. 2002 Aug 23;297(5585):1317–20.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jiang H, Stein BE, McHaffie JG. Opposing basal ganglia processes shape midbrain visuomotor activity bilaterally. Nature. 2003 Jun 26;423(6943):982–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Song MS, Salmena L, Carracedo A, Egia A, Lo-Coco F, Teruya-Feldstein J, et al. The deubiquitinylation and localization of PTEN are regulated by a HAUSP-PML network. Nature. 2008 Oct 9;455(7214):813–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Teodorescu PP, Kecs WW, Toma A. Distribution Theory. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2013.

An edited book

Derevensky JL, Gupta R, editors. Gambling Problems in Youth: Theoretical and Applied Perspectives. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2005. XXVII, 263 p. 11 illus.

A chapter in an edited book

Hoffmann-Jørgensen J. Maximal Inequalities for Dependent Random Variables. In: Houdré C, Mason DM, Reynaud-Bouret P, Rosiński J, editors. High Dimensional Probability VII: The Cargèse Volume. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 61–104. (Progress in Probability).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus.

Blog post

Davis J. This Thai Meal Gives You Liver Cancer [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/food-gives-you-liver-cancer/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Designing Evaluations: A Workbook. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1986 Feb. Report No.: 129366.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lynch SD. Distortion of low-frequency acoustic signals by interaction with the moving ocean surface [Doctoral dissertation]. [La Jolla, CA]: University of California San Diego; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K. Few Kind Words Are Heard for a Proposed Economic Zone. New York Times. 2002 Sep 8;146.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
Abbreviation	J. AAPOS
ISSN (print)	1091-8531
ISSN (online)	1528-3933
Scope	Ophthalmology Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health