How to format your references using the Journal of African Cultural Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of African Cultural Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cantley, L. C. 2001. “Transcription. Translocating Tubby.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 292 (5524): 2019–2021.

A journal article with 2 authors

Makse, Hernán A., and Jorge Kurchan. 2002. “Testing the Thermodynamic Approach to Granular Matter with a Numerical Model of a Decisive Experiment.” Nature 415 (6872): 614–617.

A journal article with 3 authors

Royer, Dana L., Robert A. Berner, and Jeffrey Park. 2007. “Climate Sensitivity Constrained by CO2 Concentrations over the Past 420 Million Years.” Nature 446 (7135): 530–532.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Domínguez-Villar, D., R. M. Carrasco, J. Pedraza, H. Cheng, R. L. Edwards, and J. K. Willenbring. 2013. “Early Maximum Extent of Paleoglaciers from Mediterranean Mountains during the Last Glaciation.” Scientific Reports 3: 2034.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Blume, Steven W. 2011. High Voltage Protection for Telecommunications. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Ghosh, Jit. 2009. Silverlight 2 Recipes: A Problem-Solution Approach. Edited by Rob Cameron. Berkeley, CA: Apress.

A chapter in an edited book

Gerami, Pedram, Bryan Gammon, and Michael J. Murphy. 2011. “Melanocytic Neoplasms I: Molecular Diagnosis.” In Molecular Diagnostics in Dermatology and Dermatopathology, edited by Michael J. Murphy, 73–103. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of African Cultural Studies.

Blog post

Luntz, Stephen. 2016. “1.7-Million-Year-Old Human Cancer Is The Oldest Ever Found.” IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2006. Freight Railroads: Industry Health Has Improved, but Concerns about Competition and Capacity Should Be Addressed. GAO-07-94. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hall, Zack B., II. 2017. “General Relativistic Non-Radial Oscillations in Compact Stars.” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg, Ben. 2016. “Review: In ‘Southwest of Salem,’ 4 Women Convicted of Sexual Assault Fight for Justice.” New York Times, September 15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Cantley 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Cantley 2001; Makse and Kurchan 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Makse and Kurchan 2002)
Three authors: (Royer, Berner, and Park 2007)
4 or more authors: (Domínguez-Villar et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of African Cultural Studies
Abbreviation	J. Afr. Cult. Stud.
ISSN (print)	1369-6815
ISSN (online)	1469-9346
Scope	Language and Linguistics Literature and Literary Theory Music Visual Arts and Performing Arts Linguistics and Language Cultural Studies