How to format your references using the Joule citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Joule. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Meister, G. (2008). Molecular biology. RNA interference in the nucleus. Science 321, 496–497.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jørgensen, H.F., and Fisher, A.G. (2010). Can controversies be put to REST? Nature 467, E3-4; discussion E5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nimmerjahn, A., Kirchhoff, F., and Helmchen, F. (2005). Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo. Science 308, 1314–1318.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Xie, J., Xu, G., Wang, J., Zhang, S., Zhang, F., Li, Y., Han, C., and Li, L. (2014). Addition of visual noise boosts evoked potential-based brain-computer interface. Sci. Rep. 4, 4953.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lee, M., and Bieker, G. (2009). Mastering (Wiley Publishing, Inc.).

An edited book

Tinelli, C., and Sofronie-Stokkermans, V. eds. (2011). Frontiers of Combining Systems: 8th International Symposium, FroCoS 2011, Saarbrücken, Germany, October 5-7, 2011. Proceedings (Springer).

A chapter in an edited book

Snoeyink, J. (2011). Degree-Driven Design for Correct Geometric Algorithms. In Frontiers in Algorithmics and Algorithmic Aspects in Information and Management: Joint International Conference, FAW-AAIM 2011, Jinhua, China, May 28-31, 2011. Proceedings Lecture Notes in Computer Science., M. Atallah, X.-Y. Li, and B. Zhu, eds. (Springer), pp. 8–9.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Joule.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015). Do Aliens Exist? SETI Video Explores The Chances Of Making First Contact. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1985). A Bibliography of Documents Issued by the GAO on Matters Related to: ADP, IRM and Telecommunications (U.S. Government Printing Office).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Johnson, E.A. (2008). Factors associated with post-stroke depressive symptoms and quality of life.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Nordland, R., and Kanter, J. (2016). Turkey and E.U. Near Breaking Point in Talks on Membership. New York Times, A4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ².
This sentence cites two references ^2,4.
This sentence cites four references ^2,4,6,8.

About the journal

Full journal title	Joule
Abbreviation	Joule
ISSN (online)	2542-4351
Scope