How to format your references using the Joint Bone Spine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Joint Bone Spine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Remer LA. Atmospheric science. Just add aerosols. Science 2014;344:1089.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Domon B, Aebersold R. Mass spectrometry and protein analysis. Science 2006;312:212–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Phelps J, Webb EL, Agrawal A. Land use. Does REDD+ threaten to recentralize forest governance? Science 2010;328:312–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Spehr M, Gisselmann G, Poplawski A, Riffell JA, Wetzel CH, Zimmer RK, et al. Identification of a testicular odorant receptor mediating human sperm chemotaxis. Science 2003;299:2054–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Bolstad WM, Curran JM. Introduction to Bayesian Statistics, Third Edition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

[1]

Villalobos FJ, Fereres E, editors. Principles of Agronomy for Sustainable Agriculture. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Gorenstein MI. CRITICAL LINE OF THE DECONFINEMENT PHASE TRANSITIONS. In: Čechák T, Jenkovszky L, Karpenko I, editors. Nuclear Science and Safety in Europe, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2006, p. 49–67.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Joint Bone Spine.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Should Florida ‘Frack’ Its Limestone For Oil And Gas? Two Geophysicists Weigh In. IFLScience 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. National Survey of Cable Television Rates and Services. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Castan JU. Congruence x employment tenure: A study with transitioning youth with disabilities. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Baker L. Developers Cater to Two-Wheeled Traffic in Portland, Ore. New York Times 2011:B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Joint Bone Spine
Abbreviation	Joint Bone Spine
ISSN (print)	1297-319X
Scope	Rheumatology

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