How to format your references using the HortScience citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for HortScience. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Webster M. 2007. A Cambrian peak in morphological variation within trilobite species. Science. 317(5837):499–502.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mery F, Kawecki TJ. 2005. A cost of long-term memory in Drosophila. Science. 308(5725):1148.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mavrodiev P, Tessone CJ, Schweitzer F. 2013. Quantifying the effects of social influence. Sci Rep. 3:1360.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Takeda S, Gapper C, Kaya H, Bell E, Kuchitsu K, Dolan L. 2008. Local positive feedback regulation determines cell shape in root hair cells. Science. 319(5867):1241–1244.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rigby KA. 2013. Aircraft Systems Integration of Air-Launched Weapons. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Carafoli E, Brini M (eds). 2007. Calcium Signalling and Disease: Molecular Pathology of Calcium. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Warriner DS. 2010. Communicative Competence Revisited: An Ethnopoetic Analysis of Narrative Performances of Identity, p 63–77. In: Hult FM (ed). Directions and Prospects for Educational Linguistics. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for HortScience.

Blog post

Andrew D. 2016. How Do You Know You’re Not Living In A Computer Simulation? IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/how-do-you-know-youre-not-living-in-a-computer-simulation/. [accessed 30 Oct 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1999. Managed Care: State Approaches on Selected Patient Protections. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Springborn T. 2017. The Importance of Teacher/Student Relationships (Doctoral dissertation). Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Goldstein M, Eder S, Kelly K, Stevenson A, Protess B. 2017. Sources of Trump Aides’ Wealth Include Cosmetics and ‘Seinfeld’ Reruns. New York Times. A15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Webster 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Mery and Kawecki 2005; Webster 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mery and Kawecki 2005)
Three or more authors: (Takeda et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	HortScience
ISSN (print)	0018-5345
ISSN (online)	2327-9834
Scope