How to format your references using the Joint Bone Spine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Joint Bone Spine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Raymond J. Sexist attitudes: Most of us are biased. Nature 2013;495:33–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Lambert JD, Nagy LM. Asymmetric inheritance of centrosomally localized mRNAs during embryonic cleavages. Nature 2002;420:682–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Tupler R, Perini G, Green MR. Expressing the human genome. Nature 2001;409:832–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Hao L, Sakurai A, Watanabe T, Sorensen E, Nidom CA, Newton MA, et al. Drosophila RNAi screen identifies host genes important for influenza virus replication. Nature 2008;454:890–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Briffaut J-P. E-Enabled Operations Management. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2015.

An edited book

[1]

Rotte A. Immunotherapy of Melanoma. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Lu G, Lin X, Zhou R. Mbench: Benchmarking a Multicore Operating System Using Mixed Workloads. In: Zhan J, Han R, Zicari RV, editors. Big Data Benchmarks, Performance Optimization, and Emerging Hardware: 6th Workshop, BPOE 2015, Kohala, HI, USA, August 31 - September 4, 2015. Revised Selected Papers, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016, p. 50–63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Joint Bone Spine.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Fly Over Pluto With This Animated Video From NASA’s New Horizons. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Intellectual Property: Patent Office Should Strengthen Search Capabilities and Better Monitor Examiners’ Work. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Ryan BA. Computer-Based Versus Paper-Pencil Modes of Administration United States Government End of Course Exams: Student Cumulative Grade Point Averages as Predictors of Success. Doctoral dissertation. Lindenwood University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Vecsey G. In Yanks-Phillies Rivalry, a Wife May Have Been the Key Player. New York Times 2011:SP3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Joint Bone Spine
Abbreviation	Joint Bone Spine
ISSN (print)	1297-319X
Scope	Rheumatology