How to format your references using the Joint Bone Spine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Joint Bone Spine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Montgomery DR. Geology. Dreams of natural streams. Science 2008;319:291–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

White AE, Harper JW. Cancer. Emerging anatomy of the BAP1 tumor suppressor system. Science 2012;337:1463–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Kitajima TS, Kawashima SA, Watanabe Y. The conserved kinetochore protein shugoshin protects centromeric cohesion during meiosis. Nature 2004;427:510–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Boccaccio C, Sabatino G, Medico E, Girolami F, Follenzi A, Reato G, et al. The MET oncogene drives a genetic programme linking cancer to haemostasis. Nature 2005;434:396–400.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Lundberg U, Cooper CL. The Science of Occupational Health. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

An edited book

[1]

Liang Y. Silicon in Agriculture: From Theory to Practice. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

González-Manzano L, González-Tablas AI, de Fuentes JM, Ribagorda A. User-Managed Access Control in Web Based Social Networks. In: Chbeir R, Al Bouna B, editors. Security and Privacy Preserving in Social Networks, Vienna: Springer; 2013, p. 97–137.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Joint Bone Spine.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. CDC Warns Ebola Outbreak Could Top 1 Million By January. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/without-intervention-cdc-warns-ebola-outbreak-could-top-1-million-january/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. FAA Alaska: Weak Controls Resulted in Improper and Wasteful Purchases. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2002.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Wistrom CA. Perceptions of School Leaders Regarding the Benefits of Leadership Dashboards. Doctoral dissertation. Lindenwood University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Walsh MW. Moody’s Credit Ratings of States To Factor In Unfunded Pensions. New York Times 2011:B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Joint Bone Spine
Abbreviation	Joint Bone Spine
ISSN (print)	1297-319X
Scope	Rheumatology