How to format your references using the Joint Bone Spine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Joint Bone Spine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Ferrini-Mundy J. Science education. Driven by diversity. Science 2013;340:278.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Krueger AB, Malecková J. Attitudes and action: public opinion and the occurrence of international terrorism. Science 2009;325:1534–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Ninomiya H, Elinson RP, Winklbauer R. Antero-posterior tissue polarity links mesoderm convergent extension to axial patterning. Nature 2004;430:364–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Storici F, Bebenek K, Kunkel TA, Gordenin DA, Resnick MA. RNA-templated DNA repair. Nature 2007;447:338–41.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Lader EW. Field Guide to the Arrhythmias. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Schreiter F, Jordan GH, editors. Urethral Reconstructive Surgery. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Patil AS, Abraham A. Intelligent and Interactive Web-Based Tutoring System in Engineering Education: Reviews, Perspectives and Development. In: Xhafa F, Caballé S, Abraham A, Daradoumis T, Juan Perez AA, editors. Computational Intelligence for Technology Enhanced Learning, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010, p. 79–97.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Joint Bone Spine.

Blog post

[1]

O`Callaghan J. SpaceX Launches And Lands A Rocket For The First Time In Five Months. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/space/spacex-launches-and-lands-rocket-for-first-time-in-five-months/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Schools and Libraries Corporation: Actions Needed to Strengthen Program Integrity Operations Before Committing Funds. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Alalshaikh SA. Leadership Styles in Saudi Arabian Universities: Comparison Based on Educational Background. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Poniewozik J. A Hollywood Snub To a Celebrity in Chief. New York Times 2017:A16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Joint Bone Spine
Abbreviation	Joint Bone Spine
ISSN (print)	1297-319X
Scope	Rheumatology