How to format your references using the Japanese Journal of Radiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Japanese Journal of Radiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Check E. Cancer fears cast doubts on future of gene therapy. Nature. 2003;421:678.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Cowan JJ, Sneden C. Heavy element synthesis in the oldest stars and the early Universe. Nature. 2006;440:1151–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Lykke-Andersen J, Shu MD, Steitz JA. Communication of the position of exon-exon junctions to the mRNA surveillance machinery by the protein RNPS1. Science. 2001;293:1836–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Holm TM, Habashi JP, Doyle JJ, Bedja D, Chen Y, van Erp C, et al. Noncanonical TGFβ signaling contributes to aortic aneurysm progression in Marfan syndrome mice. Science. 2011;332:358–61.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Stacey D. Aeronautical Radio Communication Systems and Networks. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

1. Siclari D, editor. The New Anti-Money Laundering Law: First Perspectives on the 4th European Union Directive. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Baz A, Shang D, Xia F, Yakovlev A, Bystrov A. Improving the Robustness of Self-timed SRAM to Variable Vdds. In: Ayala JL, García-Cámara B, Prieto M, Ruggiero M, Sicard G, editors. Integrated Circuit and System Design Power and Timing Modeling, Optimization, and Simulation: 21st International Workshop, PATMOS 2011, Madrid, Spain, September 26-29, 2011 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. p. 32–42.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Japanese Journal of Radiology.

Blog post

1. Hamilton K. Scientist At Work: Revealing The Secret Lives Of Urban Rats [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/scientist-at-work-revealing-the-secret-lives-of-urban-rats/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Joint Strike Fighter: DOD Plans to Enter Production before Testing Demonstrates Acceptable Performance. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2006 Mar. Report No.: GAO-06-356.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Walker D. University Research Adminstrators’ Perception of Incivility and the Relationship to Employee Engagement [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Erlanger S, Kanter J. Austria’s Rightward Lurch Reflects Europe’s New Anti-Immigration Leanings. New York Times. 2017 Oct 16;A5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Japanese Journal of Radiology
Abbreviation	Jpn. J. Radiol.
ISSN (print)	1867-1071
ISSN (online)	1867-108X
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging