How to format your references using the Italian Economic Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Italian Economic Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Armstrong FA (2013) Chemistry. Copying biology’s ways with hydrogen. Science 339:658–659

A journal article with 2 authors

Dupont S, Pörtner H (2013) Marine science: get ready for ocean acidification. Nature 498:429

A journal article with 3 authors

Runnels LW, Yue L, Clapham DE (2001) TRP-PLIK, a bifunctional protein with kinase and ion channel activities. Science 291:1043–1047

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Stefan-van Staden R-I, Gugoaşă LA, Calenic B, Legler J (2014) Pattern recognition of estradiol, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in children’s saliva samples using stochastic microsensors. Sci Rep 4:5579

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kunz W (2016) Species Conservation in Managed Habitats. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Abdulwahed M, Hasna MO, Froyd JE (eds) (2016) Advances in Engineering Education in the Middle East and North Africa: Current Status, and Future Insights, 1st ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Brown KW, Cordon S (2009) Toward a Phenomenology of Mindfulness: Subjective Experience and Emotional Correlates. In: Didonna F (ed) Clinical Handbook of Mindfulness. Springer, New York, NY, pp 59–81

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Italian Economic Journal.

Blog post

Fang J (2016) Researchers Identify “Redness” Gene In Birds. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/researchers-identify-redness-gene-birds/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1994) NASA Procurement: Challenges Remain in Implementing Improvement Reforms. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hunt SA (2012) A study of health care payment organizations’ culture and adaptability to revolutionary change. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Qiu L (2017) An Adoring Crowd, And a Dozen Things That Aren’t True. New York Times A19

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Armstrong 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Armstrong 2013; Dupont and Pörtner 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Dupont and Pörtner 2013)
Three or more authors: (Stefan-van Staden et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Italian Economic Journal
Abbreviation	Ital. Econ. J.
ISSN (print)	2199-322X
ISSN (online)	2199-3238
Scope