How to format your references using the Invertebrate Systematics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Invertebrate Systematics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Xu X (2014). Surface recombination and charged exciton in nanocrystal quantum dots on photonic crystals under two-photon excitation. Scientific reports 4, 5039.

A journal article with 2 authors

Nori F, Tonomura A (2006). Applied physics. Helical spin order on the move. Science (New York, N.Y.) 311, 344–345.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rai A, Menon AV, Jalan S (2014). Randomness and preserved patterns in cancer network. Scientific reports 4, 6368.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Yang C-G, Yi C, Duguid EM, Sullivan CT, Jian X, Rice PA, He C (2008). Crystal structures of DNA/RNA repair enzymes AlkB and ABH2 bound to dsDNA. Nature 452, 961–965.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Noar J (2014). ‘Interceptive Orthodontics’. (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Oxford, UK)

An edited book

Glaubrecht M (Ed.) (2010). ‘Evolution in Action: Case studies in Adaptive Radiation, Speciation and the Origin of Biodiversity’. (Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg)

A chapter in an edited book

Landau ID, Lozano R, M’Saad M, Karimi A (2011). Parameter Adaptation Algorithms—Stochastic Environment. In ‘Adaptive Control: Algorithms, Analysis and Applications’. (Eds R Lozano, M M’Saad, A Karimi.) Communications and Control Engineering. pp. 121–151. (Springer: London)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Invertebrate Systematics.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015). White House Requests $30 Million For Europa Mission. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/space/white-house-requests-30-million-europa-mission/ [accessed 30 October 2018]

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1979). Release of Carson City Silver Dollar Bidders List. LCD-79-106. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Reynolds PR (2004). Midkine (MK) Regulates Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling During Hypoxia. Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg B (2017). No. 1, but Not at the Top of Their Games. New York Times, B12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Xu 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Nori and Tonomura 2006; Xu 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Nori and Tonomura 2006)
Three or more authors: (Yang et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Invertebrate Systematics
Abbreviation	Invertebr. Syst.
ISSN (print)	1445-5226
ISSN (online)	1447-2600
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics