How to format your references using the Invertebrate Systematics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Invertebrate Systematics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chandrashekar CM (2013). Two-component Dirac-like Hamiltonian for generating quantum walk on one-, two- and three-dimensional lattices. Scientific reports 3, 2829.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gervais WM, Norenzayan A (2012). Analytic thinking promotes religious disbelief. Science (New York, N.Y.) 336, 493–496.

A journal article with 3 authors

Brantley JN, Wiggins KM, Bielawski CW (2011). Unclicking the click: mechanically facilitated 1,3-dipolar cycloreversions. Science (New York, N.Y.) 333, 1606–1609.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Nagai H, Chew SH, Okazaki Y, Funahashi S, Namba T, Kato T, Enomoto A, Jiang L, Akatsuka S, Toyokuni S (2013). Metamorphosis of mesothelial cells with active horizontal motility in tissue culture. Scientific reports 3, 1144.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schweiker W (2010). ‘Dust that Breathes’. (Wiley-Blackwell: Oxford, UK)

An edited book

G MMG, R MMM, Babak AM (Eds.) (2011). ‘Master Techniques in Blepharoplasty and Periorbital Rejuvenation’. (Springer: New York, NY)

A chapter in an edited book

Tilkemeier PL (2016). Accreditation and International Perspectives. In ‘Quality Evaluation in Non-Invasive Cardiovascular Imaging’. (Eds PL Tilkemeier, RC Hendel, GV Heller, JA Case.) pp. 37–47. (Springer International Publishing: Cham)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Invertebrate Systematics.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015). ‘Climate Hacking’ Would Be Easy – That Doesn’t Mean We Should Do It. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/climate-hacking-would-be-easy-doesn-t-mean-we-should-do-it/ [accessed 30 October 2018]

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1986). [Response to Request for Views on Application of P.L. 99-177 to Teacher Loan Cancellations]. B-221498.20. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Green RB (2013). Bluetooth telemetry system for a wearable electrocardiogram. Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State University Mississippi State, MS.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon M (2012). Gold to British in Jumpoff With Dutch. New York Times, B10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Chandrashekar 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Gervais and Norenzayan 2012; Chandrashekar 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gervais and Norenzayan 2012)
Three or more authors: (Nagai et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Invertebrate Systematics
Abbreviation	Invertebr. Syst.
ISSN (print)	1445-5226
ISSN (online)	1447-2600
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics