How to format your references using the Invertebrate Systematics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Invertebrate Systematics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chan FK-M (2014). Cell biology: A guardian angel of cell integrity. Nature 513, 38–40.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gheiratmand M, Mullen KT (2014). Orientation tuning in human colour vision at detection threshold. Scientific reports 4, 4285.

A journal article with 3 authors

Convertito V, Catalli F, Emolo A (2013). Combining stress transfer and source directivity: the case of the 2012 Emilia seismic sequence. Scientific reports 3, 3114.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Jangra RK, Herbert AS, Li R, Jae LT, Kleinfelter LM, Slough MM, Barker SL, Guardado-Calvo P, Román-Sosa G, Dieterle ME, Kuehne AI, Muena NA, Wirchnianski AS, Nyakatura EK, Fels JM, Ng M, Mittler E, Pan J, Bharrhan S, Wec AZ, Lai JR, Sidhu SS, Tischler ND, Rey FA, Moffat J, Brummelkamp TR, Wang Z, Dye JM, Chandran K (2018). Protocadherin-1 is essential for cell entry by New World hantaviruses. Nature 563, 559–563.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Idelberger K (2011). ‘The World of Footbridges’. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA: Weinheim, Germany)

An edited book

Lei L (2015). ‘Stochastic Petri Nets for Wireless Networks’ Eds C Lin, Z Zhong. (Springer International Publishing: Cham)

A chapter in an edited book

Roos D, Spits H, Hack CE (2005). Innate immunity — phagocytes, natural killer cells and the complement system. In ‘Principles of Immunopharmacology’. (Eds FP Nijkamp, MJ Parnham.) pp. 63–80. (Birkhäuser: Basel)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Invertebrate Systematics.

Blog post

Davis J (2015). Growing Up With A Dog Could Lower Risk Of Developing Asthma. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2000). Student Loans: Direct Loan Default Rates. GAO-01-68. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Meghani HP (2017). Med-Equip Solutions LLC: A wheelchair distributor company business plan. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K (2000). At This Park, There’s No Such Thing as a Free Bench. New York Times, 147.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Chan 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Chan 2014; Gheiratmand and Mullen 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gheiratmand and Mullen 2014)
Three or more authors: (Jangra et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Invertebrate Systematics
Abbreviation	Invertebr. Syst.
ISSN (print)	1445-5226
ISSN (online)	1447-2600
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics