How to format your references using the Invertebrate Biology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Invertebrate Biology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

DeWeerdt S 2013. Vaccines: An age-old problem. Nature 502: S8-9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Beg AA & Scheiffele P 2006. Neuroscience. SUMO wrestles the synapse. Science 311: 962–963.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kurtovic A, Widmer A, & Dickson BJ 2007. A single class of olfactory neurons mediates behavioural responses to a Drosophila sex pheromone. Nature 446: 542–546.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Nel A, Xia T, Mädler L, & Li N 2006. Toxic potential of materials at the nanolevel. Science 311: 622–627.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Straus SE & Sackett DL 2013. Mentorship in Academic Medicine. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Araújo V 2010. Three-Dimensional Flows Pacifico MJ, ed. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. XIX, 355 p. 16 illus. in color pp.

A chapter in an edited book

Haghpanah Y, Ketter W, desJardins M, & Dalen J van 2013. A Decision Framework for Broker Selection in Smart Grids. In:Agent-Mediated Electronic Commerce. Designing Trading Strategies and Mechanisms for Electronic Markets: AMEC and TADA 2012, Valencia, Spain, June 4th, 2012, Revised Selected Papers. David E, Kiekintveld C, Robu V, Shehory O, & Stein S, eds., pp. 61–74. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Invertebrate Biology.

Blog post

Andrew E 2015. This Blue Lagoon Might Look Beautiful, But You Definitely Shouldn’t Swim In It. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 2008. Next Generation Air Transportation System: Status of Key Issues Associated with the Transition to NextGen. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Isaacson MJ 2009. The paradox of respect and risk: Six Lakota adolescents speak. Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Burns A & Remnick N 2016. Pence Breaks Ranks With Trump, Again, to Support Snubbed Republican Senators. New York Times: A16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (DeWeerdt 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Beg & Scheiffele 2006, DeWeerdt 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Beg & Scheiffele 2006)
Three or more authors: (Nel et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Invertebrate Biology
Abbreviation	Invertebr. Biol.
ISSN (print)	1077-8306
ISSN (online)	1744-7410
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology