How to format your references using the Invertebrate Biology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Invertebrate Biology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ruiz-Casares M 2014. Mental health: Tailor informed-consent processes. Nature 513: 304.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hubbell JA & Chilkoti A 2012. Chemistry. Nanomaterials for drug delivery. Science 337: 303–305.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mare W de la, Gales N, & Mangel M 2014. Science and Law. Applying scientific principles in international law on whaling. Science 345: 1125–1126.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Bernard C, Anderson A, Becker A, Poolos NP, Beck H, & Johnston D 2004. Acquired dendritic channelopathy in temporal lobe epilepsy. Science 305: 532–535.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Berthou P, Baudoin C, Gayraud T, & Gineste M 2015. Satellite and Terrestrial Hybrid Networks. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Taha S 2013. Secure IP Mobility Management for VANET Shen X, ed. Springer International Publishing, Cham. IX, 106 p. 46 illus pp.

A chapter in an edited book

Roberts J 2013. Socrates, the Athenian. In:Reason and Analysis in Ancient Greek Philosophy: Essays in Honor of David Keyt. Anagnostopoulos G & Miller FD Jr, eds., pp. 55–66. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Invertebrate Biology.

Blog post

Fang J 2014. The Gut Microbe That Protects Against Peanut Allergies. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 1989. Early Childhood Education: Information on Costs and Services at High-Quality Centers. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Garatli AA 2014. What are the necessary skills for leading an online business in Saudi Arabia? Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lane MM 2016. In Forbidden Art, Beauty and Brutality. New York Times: C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ruiz-Casares 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Hubbell & Chilkoti 2012, Ruiz-Casares 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hubbell & Chilkoti 2012)
Three or more authors: (Bernard et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Invertebrate Biology
Abbreviation	Invertebr. Biol.
ISSN (print)	1077-8306
ISSN (online)	1744-7410
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology