How to format your references using the International Transactions on Systems Science and Applications citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Transactions on Systems Science and Applications. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lusis AJ (2000) Atherosclerosis. Nature 407:233–241

A journal article with 2 authors

Goldenfeld N, Woese C (2007) Biology’s next revolution. Nature 445:369

A journal article with 3 authors

Rubenstein M, Cornejo A, Nagpal R (2014) Robotics. Programmable self-assembly in a thousand-robot swarm. Science 345:795–799

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Lu W, Ji Z, Pfeiffer L, et al (2003) Real-time detection of electron tunnelling in a quantum dot. Nature 423:422–425

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cleaver H, Cawson P, Gorin S, Walker S (2009) Safeguarding Children. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, West Sussex, UK

An edited book

Adhikari MR (2014) Basic Modern Algebra with Applications. Springer India, New Delhi

A chapter in an edited book

Lam KC, Gu X, Lui LM (2014) Genus-One Surface Registration via Teichmüller Extremal Mapping. In: Golland P, Hata N, Barillot C, et al (eds) Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2014: 17th International Conference, Boston, MA, USA, September 14-18, 2014, Proceedings, Part III. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 25–32

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Transactions on Systems Science and Applications.

Blog post

Hale T (2016) The Biggest Coral Bleaching Event In History Will Hit The US Coral Reefs Hard. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/the-biggest-coral-bleaching-event-in-history-will-hit-the-us-coral-reefs-hard/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2000) Telecommunications: Issues Related to Local Telephone Service. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shimpeno PD (2010) Consumed: Simple Choices, Complex Problems. Doctoral dissertation, Florida Atlantic University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L (2007) Justices Decline Case on 200-Year Sentence For Man Who Possessed Child Pornography. New York Times A13

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Transactions on Systems Science and Applications
ISSN (online)	2051-5642
Scope