How to format your references using the International Transactions on Systems Science and Applications citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Transactions on Systems Science and Applications. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

McClelland JL (2012) Retrospective. R. Duncan Luce (1925-2012). Science 337:1619

A journal article with 2 authors

Häkkinen S, Rhines PB (2004) Decline of subpolar North Atlantic circulation during the 1990s. Science 304:555–559

A journal article with 3 authors

Quoidbach J, Gilbert DT, Wilson TD (2013) The end of history illusion. Science 339:96–98

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Srinivasan G, Whitehouse MJ, Weber I, Yamaguchi A (2007) The crystallization age of eucrite zircon. Science 317:345–347

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smith DA, van de Waterbeemd H, Walker DK (2006) Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism in Drug Design: SMITH: PHARMACOKINETICS AND METABOLISM IN DRUG DESIGN O-BK. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG

An edited book

Bolikowski Ł, Casarosa V, Goodale P, et al (2014) Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries -- TPDL 2013 Selected Workshops: LCPD 2013, SUEDL 2013, DataCur 2013, Held in Valletta, Malta, September 22-26, 2013. Revised Selected Papers. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Kumpulainen K, Lankinen T (2012) Striving for Educational Equity and Excellence. In: Niemi H, Toom A, Kallioniemi A (eds) Miracle of Education: The Principles and Practices of Teaching and Learning in Finnish Schools. SensePublishers, Rotterdam, pp 69–81

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Transactions on Systems Science and Applications.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Why do some controversies persist despite the evidence? In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1991) Services for the Elderly: Longstanding Transportation Problems Need More Federal Attention. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Reig MA (2008) Cross-Dialectal Variability in Propositional Anaphora: A Quantitative and Pragmatic Study of Null Objects in Mexican and Peninsular Spanish. Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S (2002) In Blast Police Call Accident, Muscovites See Terrorist Hand. New York Times A8

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Transactions on Systems Science and Applications
ISSN (online)	2051-5642
Scope