How to format your references using the International Orthopaedics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Orthopaedics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

PaperpileThe citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNoteFind the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and othersThe style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeXBibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author
1.
Basu P (2007) Indian biotech’s bumpy road. Nature 450:580–581
A journal article with 2 authors
1.
Chen J, Novick RP (2009) Phage-mediated intergeneric transfer of toxin genes. Science 323:139–141
A journal article with 3 authors
1.
Kent A, Massar S, Silman J (2014) Secure and robust transmission and verification of unknown quantum states in Minkowski space. Sci Rep 4:3901
A journal article with 5 or more authors
1.
Li B, Huang G, Sun J, Xing Z (2014) Novel structural phases and superconductivity of iridium telluride under high pressures. Sci Rep 4:6433

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book
1.
Das SK (2010) Mobile Handset Design. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK
An edited book
1.
Dey A, Kokinov B, Leake D, Turner R (2005) Modeling and Using Context: 5thInternational and Interdisciplinary Conference CONTEXT 2005, Paris, France, July 5-8, 2005. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
A chapter in an edited book
1.
Liu L, Ma H, Tao D, Zhang D (2007) A Hierarchical Cooperation Model for Application Self-reconfiguration of Sensor Networks. In: Shen W, Luo J, Lin Z, et al (eds) Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design III: 10th International Conference, CSCWD 2006, Nanjing, China, May 3-5, 2006, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 33–42

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Orthopaedics.

Blog post
1.
Davis J (2015) Canadian Federal Scientists Can Now “Speak Freely” To The Media. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report
1.
Government Accountability Office (2003) Transportation-Disadvantaged Populations: Some Coordination Efforts Among Programs Providing Transportation Services, but Obstacles Persist. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation
1.
Durak D (2016) Improving forecasting accuracy of electric switch demand using artificial neural network and aggregate customer clustering techniques. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article
1.
Brantley B (2017) Activists Haunted by Their K.G.B. Ordeal. New York Times C5

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal titleInternational Orthopaedics
AbbreviationInt. Orthop.
ISSN (print)0341-2695
ISSN (online)1432-5195
ScopeOrthopedics and Sports Medicine

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