How to format your references using the International Orthodontics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Orthodontics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Cohen JY. Dopamine and serotonin signals for reward across time scales. Science 2015;350:47.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Ibn-Elhaj M, Schadt M. Optical polymer thin films with isotropic and anisotropic nano-corrugated surface topologies. Nature 2001;410:796–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Bolmatov D, Musaev ET, Trachenko K. Symmetry breaking gives rise to energy spectra of three states of matter. Sci Rep 2013;3:2794.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Li J, Wang Z, Chen C, Huang S. Atomic-scale observation of migration and coalescence of Au nanoclusters on YSZ surface by aberration-corrected STEM. Sci Rep 2014;4:5521.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Christophers B. Banking Across Boundaries. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Barros M, Labiche Y, editors. Search-Based Software Engineering: 7th International Symposium, SSBSE 2015, Bergamo, Italy, September 5-7, 2015, Proceedings. vol. 9275. 1st ed. 2015. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Aziz SW, Aziz MH. Major Signaling Pathways Involved in Breast Cancer. In: Ahmad A, editor. Breast Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance: Progress and Prospects, New York, NY: Springer; 2013, p. 47–64.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Orthodontics.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. What Is Bitcoin? It Is Not That Complicated If You Ignore The Geek Speak. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/what-bitcoin-it-not-complicated-if-you-ignore-geek-speak/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Social Security Administration: Technology Modernization Needs Improved Planning and Performance Measures. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2012.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Manuel DG. Integrate or Innovate: Controlling Schedule Risk in Major Defense Acquisition Programs. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, 2019.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Kelly RW. The Police Department’s 9-Millimeter Revolution. New York Times 1999:A17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Orthodontics
Abbreviation	Int. Orthod.
ISSN (print)	1761-7227
Scope	Orthodontics

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