How to format your references using the International Orthodontics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Orthodontics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Sibley LD. Intracellular parasite invasion strategies. Science 2004;304:248–53.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Heinz J, Idsardi W. Psychology. Sentence and word complexity. Science 2011;333:295–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Hwang TJ, Carpenter D, Kesselheim AS. Target small firms for antibiotic innovation. Science 2014;344:967–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Koh K, Joiner WJ, Wu MN, Yue Z, Smith CJ, Sehgal A. Identification of SLEEPLESS, a sleep-promoting factor. Science 2008;321:372–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Harrison RG. Meteorological Measurements and Instrumentation. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Gordillo S. Mollusk shells as bio-geo-archives: Evaluating environmental changes during the Quaternary. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Elkies ND, Kominers SD. Weighted Generating Functions for Type II Lattices and Codes. In: Alladi K, Bhargava M, Savitt D, Tiep PH, editors. Quadratic and Higher Degree Forms, New York, NY: Springer; 2013, p. 63–108.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Orthodontics.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew D. Your Dog Has A Better Memory Than A Chimpanzee. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/your-dog-has-a-better-memory-than-a-chimpanzee/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Army Budget: Potential Reductions to Budget Requests for Selected ADP Systems. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Bakhoda A. Synthesis and Electrochemistry of Ru(II) Vinylidenes. Doctoral dissertation. Southern Illinois University, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Greenhouse L. Justices Agree to Consider EBay Appeal in Patent Case. New York Times 2005:C9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Orthodontics
Abbreviation	Int. Orthod.
ISSN (print)	1761-7227
Scope	Orthodontics