How to format your references using the International Orthodontics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Orthodontics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Kinlen L. Obituary: Richard Doll (1912-2005). Nature 2005;438:41.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Peppe DJ, Royer DL. ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE. Can climate feel the pressure? Science 2015;348:1210–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Rohani P, Zhong X, King AA. Contact network structure explains the changing epidemiology of pertussis. Science 2010;330:982–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Li C, Tong W, Liu B, Zhang A, Li F. The -1082A>G polymorphism in promoter region of interleukin-10 and risk of digestive cancer: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2014;4:5335.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Ghavami M, Michael LB, Kohno R. Ultra Wideband Signals and Systems in Communication Engineering. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

[1]

Cranston J. Ethnotheatre and Creative Methods for Teacher Leadership. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Srivastava A, Klassen EP. Functional Data and Elastic Registration. In: Klassen EP, editor. Functional and Shape Data Analysis, New York, NY: Springer; 2016, p. 73–123.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Orthodontics.

Blog post

[1]

Davis J. Highest Living Plants Discovered Six Kilometers Up A Mountain. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/highest-living-plants-discovered-six-kilometers-up-a-mountain/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Earth Observing System: Concerns Over NASA’s Basic Research Funding Strategy. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Lazareva O. Constructed wetland/filter basin system as a prospective pre-treatment option for aquifer storage and recovery and a potential remedy for elevated arsenic. Doctoral dissertation. University of South Florida, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Vecsey G. Michael Goldsmith, 58; Raised Awareness of A.L.S. New York Times 2009:D9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Orthodontics
Abbreviation	Int. Orthod.
ISSN (print)	1761-7227
Scope	Orthodontics