How to format your references using the International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Vella D (2015) ROBOTICS. Two leaps forward for robot locomotion. Science 349:472–473

A journal article with 2 authors

Apps R, Carrington M (2013) Response to Comment on “Influence of HLA-C expression level on HIV control.” Science 341:1175

A journal article with 3 authors

Truog RD, Kesselheim AS, Joffe S (2012) Research ethics. Paying patients for their tissue: the legacy of Henrietta Lacks. Science 337:37–38

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Yoshimoto N, Tatematsu K, Iijima M, et al (2014) High-throughput de novo screening of receptor agonists with an automated single-cell analysis and isolation system. Sci Rep 4:4242

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ibrahim RA (2017) Handbook of Structural Life Assessment. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Nakajima K (ed) (2015) Nuclear Back-end and Transmutation Technology for Waste Disposal: Beyond the Fukushima Accident. Springer Japan, Tokyo

A chapter in an edited book

de Winter M (2014) Subjectificating Socialisation for the Common Good: The Case for a Democratic Offensive in Upbringing and Education. In: Biesta G, De Bie M, Wildemeersch D (eds) Civic Learning, Democratic Citizenship and the Public Sphere. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 55–70

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Obese Three-Year-Old Diagnosed With Youngest Known Case Of Type 2 Diabetes. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/obese-three-year-old-youngest-known-case-type-2-diabetes/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1981) Small Businesses and Innovation, Small Business Research Conference. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Herkert HL (2015) Toward an Unseen Shore: Imaginative Thinking in Childhood Grief. Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lee L (2014) Gazing Into the Void. New York Times D2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Vella 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Apps and Carrington 2013; Vella 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Apps and Carrington 2013)
Three or more authors: (Yoshimoto et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management
ISSN (print)	0975-6809
ISSN (online)	0976-4348
Scope	Strategy and Management Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality