How to format your references using the International Journal of STEM Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of STEM Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Newman, A. L. (2015). What the “right to be forgotten” means for privacy in a digital age. Science (New York, N.Y.), 347(6221), 507–508.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cowan, C. A., & Henkemeyer, M. (2001). The SH2/SH3 adaptor Grb4 transduces B-ephrin reverse signals. Nature, 413(6852), 174–179.

A journal article with 3 authors

Komatsu, T., Sekiya, T., & Nagata, K. (2013). DNA replication-dependent binding of CTCF plays a critical role in adenovirus genome functions. Scientific reports, 3, 2187.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Li, M., Guan, S., Wu, C., Gong, X., Li, K., Wu, J., et al. (2014). From sparse to dense and from assortative to disassortative in online social networks. Scientific reports, 4, 4861.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Imrie, R., & Street, E. (2011). Architectural Design and Regulation. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

An edited book

Pal, A., Kshemkalyani, A. D., Kumar, R., & Gupta, A. (Eds.). (2005). Distributed Computing – IWDC 2005: 7th International Workshop, Kharagpur, India, December 27-30, 2005. Proceedings (Vol. 3741). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Furman, J. E. (2006). Occupational Regulation. In J. E. Lessenger (Ed.), Agricultural Medicine: A Practical Guide (pp. 35–41). New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of STEM Education.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2017, March 14). Australia Set To Keep Unvaccinated Kids Away From School. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/australia-set-keep-unvaccinated-kids-school/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2014). Aviation Security: Rapid Growth in Expedited Passenger Screening Highlights Need to Plan Effective Security Assessments (No. GAO-15-150). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Croghan, A. (2014). The Effects of Depressive Symptomatology, Intrusive Thinking, and Age on Cognitive Functioning (Doctoral dissertation). Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, M. (2012, May 5). Family of Seau Decides To Give Brain for Study. New York Times, p. D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Newman 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Cowan and Henkemeyer 2001; Newman 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Cowan and Henkemeyer 2001)
Three or more authors: (Li et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of STEM Education
ISSN (online)	2196-7822
Scope