How to format your references using the International Journal of STEM Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of STEM Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Haigh, J. D. (2001). Climate variability and the influence of the Sun. Science (New York, N.Y.), 294(5549), 2109–2111.

A journal article with 2 authors

Regev, A., & Shapiro, E. (2002). Cells as computation. Nature, 419(6905), 343.

A journal article with 3 authors

Andrew, T. L., Tsai, H.-Y., & Menon, R. (2009). Confining light to deep subwavelength dimensions to enable optical nanopatterning. Science (New York, N.Y.), 324(5929), 917–921.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Alvarez-Dolado, M., Pardal, R., Garcia-Verdugo, J. M., Fike, J. R., Lee, H. O., Pfeffer, K., et al. (2003). Fusion of bone-marrow-derived cells with Purkinje neurons, cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes. Nature, 425(6961), 968–973.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mastro, M. (2013). Financial Derivative and Energy Market Valuation. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Bussler, C., Castellanos, M., Dayal, U., & Navathe, S. (Eds.). (2007). Business Intelligence for the Real-Time Enterprises: First International Workshop, BIRTE 2006, Seoul, Korea, September 11, 2006, Revised Selected Papers (Vol. 4365). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Welsch, G. H., Hennig, F. F., & Mauerer, A. (2014). Clinical Application of Biochemical Imaging of Cartilage. In Y.-J. Kim & T. C. Mamisch (Eds.), Hip Magnetic Resonance Imaging (pp. 43–54). New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of STEM Education.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, July 18). Scientists Get First Look Inside Mysterious Siberian Crater. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/scientists-get-first-look-inside-mysterious-siberian-crater/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1996). Federally Funded R&D Centers: Observations on DOD Actions To Improve Management (No. T-NSIAD-96-117). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Henry, A. G. (2010). Plant foods and the dietary ecology of Neandertals and modern humans (Doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley, B., & Isherwood, C. (2016, December 6). Speaking Out and Listening Closely. New York Times, p. AR11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Haigh 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Haigh 2001; Regev and Shapiro 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Regev and Shapiro 2002)
Three or more authors: (Alvarez-Dolado et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of STEM Education
ISSN (online)	2196-7822
Scope