How to format your references using the International Journal of Speech Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Speech Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chang, J. (2015). Core services: Reward bioinformaticians. Nature, 520(7546), 151–152.

A journal article with 2 authors

Doumy, G., & DiMauro, L. F. (2008). Chemistry. Interrogating molecules. Science (New York, N.Y.), 322(5905), 1194–1195.

A journal article with 3 authors

Muchnik, L., Aral, S., & Taylor, S. J. (2013). Social influence bias: a randomized experiment. Science (New York, N.Y.), 341(6146), 647–651.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

García-Meca, C., Carloni, S., Barceló, C., Jannes, G., Sánchez-Dehesa, J., & Martínez, A. (2013). Analogue transformations in physics and their application to acoustics. Scientific reports, 3, 2009.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chiang, H.-D. (2010). Direct Methods for Stability Analysis of Electric Power Systems. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Gottlieb, J., & Raidl, G. R. (Eds.). (2006). Evolutionary Computation in Combinatorial Optimization: 6th European Conference, EvoCOP 2006, Budapest, Hungary, April 10-12, 2006. Proceedings (Vol. 3906). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Sukhoivanov, I. A., & Guryev, I. V. (2009). Band Structure Computation of 1D Photonic Crystals. In I. V. Guryev (Ed.), Photonic Crystals: Physics and Practical Modeling (pp. 41–65). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Speech Technology.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, November 17). How To See Shooting Stars Tonight. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/leonid-meteor-shower-peaks-tonight/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2007). Business Modernization: NASA Must Consider Agencywide Needs to Reap the Full Benefits of Its Enterprise Management System Modernization Effort (No. GAO-07-691). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chaves, J. S. (2009). Novel approach for the creation of thin films and interconnects using single walled carbon nanotubes inkjet technology and bacteria (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Smith, M., Davey, M., & Blinder, A. (2016, February 21). Random Shots on a Deadly Night for Kalamazoo. New York Times, p. A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Chang 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Chang 2015; Doumy and DiMauro 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Doumy and DiMauro 2008)
Three or more authors: (García-Meca et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Speech Technology
Abbreviation	Int. J. Speech Technol.
ISSN (print)	1381-2416
ISSN (online)	1572-8110
Scope	Language and Linguistics Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Human-Computer Interaction Software Linguistics and Language