How to format your references using the International Journal of Speech Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Speech Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Barnes, D. K. A. (2002). Biodiversity: invasions by marine life on plastic debris. Nature, 416(6883), 808–809.

A journal article with 2 authors

Aizer, A., & Currie, J. (2014). The intergenerational transmission of inequality: maternal disadvantage and health at birth. Science (New York, N.Y.), 344(6186), 856–861.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pichersky, E., Noel, J. P., & Dudareva, N. (2006). Biosynthesis of plant volatiles: nature’s diversity and ingenuity. Science (New York, N.Y.), 311(5762), 808–811.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Wille, M., Nägler, T. F., Lehmann, B., Schröder, S., & Kramers, J. D. (2008). Hydrogen sulphide release to surface waters at the Precambrian/Cambrian boundary. Nature, 453(7196), 767–769.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Godula-Jopek, A., Jehle, W., & Wellnitz, J. (2012). Hydrogen Storage Technologies. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Mc Kee, A., & Eraut, M. (Eds.). (2012). Learning Trajectories, Innovation and Identity for Professional Development (Vol. 7). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Biró, M., & Molnár, B. (2007). Synergies Between the Common Criteria and Process Improvement. In P. Abrahamsson, N. Baddoo, T. Margaria, & R. Messnarz (Eds.), Software Process Improvement: 14th European Conference, EuroSPI 2007, Potsdam, Germany, September 26-28, 2007. Proceedings (pp. 31–45). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Speech Technology.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, February 12). New Images Provide Strongest Evidence So Far For Liquid Water On Mars. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/new-images-provide-strongest-evidence-so-far-liquid-water-mars/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1976). Implementation of Section 1903(g) of the Social Security Act by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (No. MWD-76-89). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hill, L. (2015). Unique forms of knowledge and curriculum in hip-hop pedagogy (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hubbard, B. (2017, June 21). Rising Saudi Prince, 31, Advances to One Step From the Throne. New York Times, p. A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Barnes 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Aizer and Currie 2014; Barnes 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Aizer and Currie 2014)
Three or more authors: (Wille et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Speech Technology
Abbreviation	Int. J. Speech Technol.
ISSN (print)	1381-2416
ISSN (online)	1572-8110
Scope	Language and Linguistics Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Human-Computer Interaction Software Linguistics and Language