How to format your references using the International Journal of Speech Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Speech Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

DeWeerdt, S. (2013). Vaccines: An age-old problem. Nature, 502(7470), S8-9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kaser, A., & Blumberg, R. S. (2014). Cell biology: Stressful genetics in Crohn’s disease. Nature, 506(7489), 441–442.

A journal article with 3 authors

Oldroyd, G. E. D., Harrison, M. J., & Paszkowski, U. (2009). Reprogramming plant cells for endosymbiosis. Science (New York, N.Y.), 324(5928), 753–754.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Yu, Z., Yang, J., Amalfitano, S., Yu, X., & Liu, L. (2014). Effects of water stratification and mixing on microbial community structure in a subtropical deep reservoir. Scientific reports, 4, 5821.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

McCormick, K., & Salcedo, J. (2017). SPSS reg Statistics for Data Analysis and Visualization. Indianapolis, Indiana: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Costa, F. F., & Conran, N. (Eds.). (2016). Sickle Cell Anemia: From Basic Science to Clinical Practice. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Rolando, A., & Di Vita, S. (2016). Reference Case Studies and Best Practices. In A. Rolando & S. Di Vita (Eds.), From Smart City to Smart Region: Digital Services for an Internet of Places (pp. 73–91). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Speech Technology.

Blog post

Evans, K. (2017, March 17). “Intellectual Humility” Is Surprisingly Bipartisan. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/intellectual-humility-is-surprisingly-bipartisan/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1987). Aviation Safety: Commuter Airports Should Participate in the Airport Certification Program (No. RCED-88-41). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Woodworth, J. W. (2017). Secure Semantic Search over Encrypted Big Data in the Cloud (Doctoral dissertation). University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg, B. (2017, October 26). Trudging to Suffrage, On a Swiss Schedule. New York Times, p. C7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (DeWeerdt 2013).
This sentence cites two references (DeWeerdt 2013; Kaser and Blumberg 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kaser and Blumberg 2014)
Three or more authors: (Yu et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Speech Technology
Abbreviation	Int. J. Speech Technol.
ISSN (print)	1381-2416
ISSN (online)	1572-8110
Scope	Language and Linguistics Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Human-Computer Interaction Software Linguistics and Language