How to format your references using the International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gleick PH. Soft water paths. Nature. 2002;418(6896):373.

A journal article with 2 authors

Nachev P, Husain M. Comment on “Detecting awareness in the vegetative state.” Science. 2007;315(5816):1221; author reply 1221.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pettifer RF, Collins SP, Laundy D. Quadrupole transitions revealed by Borrmann spectroscopy. Nature. 2008;454(7201):196-199.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Gu TP, Guo F, Yang H, et al. The role of Tet3 DNA dioxygenase in epigenetic reprogramming by oocytes. Nature. 2011;477(7366):606-610.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bertein JC, Ceschi R. Discrete Stochastic Processes and Optimal Filtering. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

Lim CP, Jain LC, Dehuri S, eds. Innovations in Swarm Intelligence. Vol 248. Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Davitashvili N, Bakhshaliev V. Research of Operational Characteristics of Crank-Piston Mechanism by Computer Engineering. In: Bakhshaliev V, ed. Dynamics of Crank-Piston Mechanisms. Springer; 2016:105-127.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. We Spoke To The Man Who Started The Hunt For Intelligent Alien Life. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology Management: Small Business Administration Needs Policies and Procedures to Control Key IT Processes. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Yoon J. Jan Radzynski’s Canto (1981): An Introductory View of Its Genre, Style, and Form, with Suggestions for Performance. Doctoral dissertation. Ohio State University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly M. THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: The Democrats; Clinton Throws G.O.P. Slogan Back at President. New York Times. August 2, 1992:124.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences
Abbreviation	Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. (1997)
ISSN (print)	1365-1609
Scope	Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology