How to format your references using the International Journal of Retina and Vitreous citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Retina and Vitreous. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Venema L. Schrödinger’s mousetrap. Part 3. Nature. 2005;433:463.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Glazman LI, Ashoori RC. Physics. Coupling qubits by waves on the electron sea. Science. 2004;304:524–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Ahrestani FS, Hebblewhite M, Post E. The importance of observation versus process error in analyses of global ungulate populations. Sci Rep. 2013;3:3125.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Nguyen T, Sutton AD, Brynda M, Fettinger JC, Long GJ, Power PP. Synthesis of a stable compound with fivefold bonding between two chromium(I) centers. Science. 2005;310:844–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Alladin A. Integrative CBT for Anxiety Disorders. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

1. Grabowski J, Nielsen B, editors. Formal Approaches to Software Testing: 4th International Workshop, FATES 2004, Linz, Austria, September 21, 2004, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Müller N, Müller J. Giardia. In: Walochnik J, Duchêne M, editors. Molecular Parasitology: Protozoan Parasites and their Molecules. Vienna: Springer; 2016. p. 93–114.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Retina and Vitreous.

Blog post

1. Davis J. Charging For Plastic Bags In England Leads To An 85 Percent Drop In Their Use [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/charging-for-plastic-bags-in-england-leads-to-an-85-percent-drop-in-their-use/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Federal Research: Evaluation of Small Business Innovation Research Can Be Strengthened. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999 Jun. Report No.: T-RCED-99-198.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Kulavuz-Onal D. English Language Teachers’ Learning to Teach with Technology through Participation in an Online Community of Practice: A Netnography of Webheads in Action [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tampa, FL]: University of South Florida; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Markoff J. Shhh! That Helpful Robot May Pose a Security Risk. New York Times. 2017 Mar 1;B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Retina and Vitreous
Abbreviation	Int. J. Retina Vitreous
ISSN (online)	2056-9920
Scope