How to format your references using the International Journal of Retina and Vitreous citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Retina and Vitreous. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Lang RF. Astronomy. Fishing for the universe. Science. 2010;327:1582–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Vernot B, Akey JM. Resurrecting surviving Neandertal lineages from modern human genomes. Science. 2014;343:1017–21.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Bergquist DC, Williams FM, Fisher CR. Longevity record for deep-sea invertebrate. Nature. 2000;403:499–500.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Hartshorn K, Hovius N, Dade WB, Slingerland RL. Climate-driven bedrock incision in an active mountain belt. Science. 2002;297:2036–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Silvapulle MJ, Sen PK. Constrained Statistical Inference: Inequality, Order, and Shape Restrictions. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2001.

An edited book

1. Apolloni B, Howlett RJ, Jain L, editors. Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems: 11th International Conference, KES 2007, XVII Italian Workshop on Neural Networks, Vietri sul Mare, Italy, September 12-14, 2007. Proceedings, Part II. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Yan J, Zhang W. Virtual Registers: Reducing Register Pressure Without Enlarging the Register File. In: Bosschere KD, Kaeli D, Stenström P, Whalley D, Ungerer T, editors. High Performance Embedded Architectures and Compilers: Second International Conference, HiPEAC 2007, Ghent, Belgium, January 28-30, 2007 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007. p. 57–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Retina and Vitreous.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. David Attenborough’s Wonderful World [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/david-attenboroughs-wonderful-world/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Procedures for Making Grant Awards Under Three Department of Education Discretionary Grant Programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1983 Jul. Report No.: HRD-83-68.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Hardin J. A study of social cognitive theory: The relationship between professional learning communities and collective teacher efficacy in international school settings [Doctoral dissertation]. [Minneapolis, MN]: Capella University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Rubin AJ, Kingsley P, Karasz P. Attack in Spain Fits Larger Plot. New York Times. 2017 Aug 18;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Retina and Vitreous
Abbreviation	Int. J. Retina Vitreous
ISSN (online)	2056-9920
Scope