How to format your references using the International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik, P., 2003. Career-change carousel. Nature 423, 899.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bayer, R., Colgrove, J., 2002. Public health vs. civil liberties. Science 297, 1811.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cymes, G.D., Ni, Y., Grosman, C., 2005. Probing ion-channel pores one proton at a time. Nature 438, 975–980.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Mauk, B.H., Mitchell, D.G., Krimigis, S.M., Roelof, E.C., Paranicas, C.P., 2003. Energetic neutral atoms from a trans-Europa gas torus at Jupiter. Nature 421, 920–922.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Traitler, H., 2015. Food Industry Innovation School, The. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Goethals, B., Siebes, A. (Eds.), 2005. Knowledge Discovery in Inductive Databases: Third International Workshop, KDID 2004, Pisa, Italy, September 20, 2004, Revised Selected and Invited Papers, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Montoya Sánchez de Pablo, J., Miravalles López, M., Bret, A., 2016. Conclusion, in: Miravalles López, M., Bret, A. (Eds.), How Green Are Electric or Hydrogen-Powered Cars?: Assessing GHG Emissions of Traffic in Spain, SpringerBriefs in Energy. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 71–74.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing.

Blog post

Carpineti, A., 2016. A Clue To How Supermassive Black Holes Heat Up Galaxies And Kill Stars [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2011. Homeland Security: Improvements in Managing Research and Development Could Help Reduce Inefficiencies and Costs (No. GAO-11-464T). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Brown, O., 2008. Business and IT leaders’ behavioral affects on alignment and project outcome: A comparative leadership study (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shear, M.D., 2017. Obama Says the Debate On Health Care Isn’t Over. New York Times A16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Bayer and Colgrove, 2002; Smaglik, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bayer and Colgrove, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Mauk et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing
Abbreviation	Int. J. Orthop. Trauma Nurs.
ISSN (print)	1878-1241
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Advanced and Specialised Nursing