How to format your references using the International Journal of Nursing Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Nursing Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Feagin R. Journal club. A coastal ecologist sees the hidden effects of hurricanes. Nature 2009;461:319.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Fenistein D, Van Hecke M. Kinematics: wide shear zones in granular bulk flow. Nature 2003;425:256.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Lin X, Clark AC, Chan MHW. Probable heat capacity signature of the supersolid transition. Nature 2007;449:1025–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Ricci-Vitiani L, Lombardi DG, Pilozzi E, Biffoni M, Todaro M, Peschle C, et al. Identification and expansion of human colon-cancer-initiating cells. Nature 2007;445:111–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Chase CW Jr. Demand-Driven Forecasting. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Snyder JE. Evidence-Based Medical Ethics: Cases for Practice-Based Learning. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Billaut J-C, Hebrard E, Lopez P. Complete Characterization of Near-Optimal Sequences for the Two-Machine Flow Shop Scheduling Problem. In: Beldiceanu N, Jussien N, Pinson É, editors. Integration of AI and OR Techniques in Contraint Programming for Combinatorial Optimzation Problems: 9th International Conference, CPAIOR 2012, Nantes, France, May 28 – June1, 2012. Proceedings, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012, p. 66–80.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Nursing Sciences.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Kennewick Man Will Be Reburied, But Quandaries Around Human Remains Won’t. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/kennewick-man-will-be-reburied-quandaries-around-human-remains-won-t/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Direct Student Loans Could Save Money and Simplify Program Administration. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Ramirez BN. Middle School English Language Learner Electronic Media Usage and Its Relationship to Reading. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Crow K. On Once-Bawdy 42nd Street, The Last Dirty Picture Show. New York Times 2001:148.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Nursing Sciences
Abbreviation	Int. J. Nurs. Sci.
ISSN (print)	2352-0132
Scope	General Nursing