How to format your references using the International Journal of Multilingualism citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Multilingualism. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik, P. (2002). Corridor at the crossroads: Michigan. Nature, 420(6913), 4–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Iimura, T., & Pourquié, O. (2006). Collinear activation of Hoxb genes during gastrulation is linked to mesoderm cell ingression. Nature, 442(7102), 568–571.

A journal article with 3 authors

Baer, B., Armitage, S. A. O., & Boomsma, J. J. (2006). Sperm storage induces an immunity cost in ants. Nature, 441(7095), 872–875.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Blunt, M. O., Russell, J. C., Giménez-López, M. D. C., Garrahan, J. P., Lin, X., Schröder, M., Champness, N. R., & Beton, P. H. (2008). Random tiling and topological defects in a two-dimensional molecular network. Science (New York, N.Y.), 322(5904), 1077–1081.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bays, D. H. (2011). A New History of Christianity in China. Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Terze, Z. (Ed.). (2014). Multibody Dynamics: Computational Methods and Applications (Vol. 35). Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Brasileiro, F., Almeida, J. P. A., Carvalho, V. A., & Guizzardi, G. (2016). Expressive Multi-level Modeling for the Semantic Web. In P. Groth, E. Simperl, A. Gray, M. Sabou, M. Krötzsch, F. Lecue, F. Flöck, & Y. Gil (Eds.), The Semantic Web – ISWC 2016: 15th International Semantic Web Conference, Kobe, Japan, October 17–21, 2016, Proceedings, Part I (pp. 53–69). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Multilingualism.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, October 15). Air Umbrella Creates “Force Field” That Keeps You Dry. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1990). Space Communications: Performance of NASA’s White Sands Ground Terminal (IMTEC-90-56). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Colker, J. O. (2008). A grounded theory approach to developing a theory of leadership through a case study of ShoreBank [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Phoenix.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hardy, M. (2017, October 23). After Storm, Houston Hopes to Regain Tourism Momentum. New York Times, TR2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Iimura & Pourquié, 2006; Smaglik, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Iimura & Pourquié, 2006)
Three authors: (Baer et al., 2006)
6 or more authors: (Blunt et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Multilingualism
Abbreviation	Int. J. Multiling.
ISSN (print)	1479-0718
ISSN (online)	1747-7530
Scope	Language and Linguistics Linguistics and Language