How to format your references using the International Journal of Multilingualism citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Multilingualism. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brumfiel, G. (2002). Cosmology: it all adds up. Nature, 420(6917), 731–732.

A journal article with 2 authors

Reisz, R. R., & Smith, M. M. (2001). Developmental biology. Lungfish dental pattern conserved for 360 Myr. Nature, 411(6837), 548.

A journal article with 3 authors

Riolo, R. L., Cohen, M. D., & Axelrod, R. (2001). Evolution of cooperation without reciprocity. Nature, 414(6862), 441–443.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Chen, W., Li, J., Liu, C., Chen, X., Zhu, Y., Yang, Y., Gong, Y., Wang, T., Miao, X., & Nie, X. (2014). A functional p53 responsive polymorphism in KITLG, rs4590952, does not affect the risk of breast cancer. Scientific Reports, 4, 6371.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gwynne, A. (2013). Guide to Building Control. Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Heck, A. (Ed.). (2006). Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy Volume 6 (Vol. 335). Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Zou, B., Zhou, G., & Zhu, Q. (2014). Negation and Speculation Target Identification. In C. Zong, J.-Y. Nie, D. Zhao, & Y. Feng (Eds.), Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing: Third CCF Conference, NLPCC 2014, Shenzhen, China, December 5-9, 2014. Proceedings (pp. 34–45). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Multilingualism.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2016, November 21). $1 Trillion Of Oil Has Just Been Found Beneath Texas. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/oil-beneath-texas/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1977). Changing Patterns of Federal Aid to State and Local Governments, 1969-75 (PAD-78-15). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Khalili, A. (2017). Spectrally formulated user-defined element in Abaqus for wave motion analysis and health monitoring of composite structures [Doctoral dissertation]. Mississippi State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney, K. (2009, May 10). Soul Food With a Secret. New York Times, NJ9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Brumfiel, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Brumfiel, 2002; Reisz & Smith, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Reisz & Smith, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Chen et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Multilingualism
Abbreviation	Int. J. Multiling.
ISSN (print)	1479-0718
ISSN (online)	1747-7530
Scope	Language and Linguistics Linguistics and Language