How to format your references using the International Journal of Medical Microbiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Medical Microbiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rahmstorf, S., 2002. Ocean circulation and climate during the past 120,000 years. Nature 419, 207–214.

A journal article with 2 authors

Schiermeier, Q., Tollefson, J., 2007. Climate change: a Nobel cause. Nature 449, 766–767.

A journal article with 3 authors

Thompson, R.J., Zhou, N., MacVicar, B.A., 2006. Ischemia opens neuronal gap junction hemichannels. Science 312, 924–927.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Schurig, D., Mock, J.J., Justice, B.J., Cummer, S.A., Pendry, J.B., Starr, A.F., Smith, D.R., 2006. Metamaterial electromagnetic cloak at microwave frequencies. Science 314, 977–980.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Perera, A.H., Buse, L.J., 2014. Ecology of Wildfire Residuals in Boreal Forests. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Rosene-Montella, K. (Ed.), 2015. Medical Management of the Pregnant Patient: A Clinician’s Handbook. Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

García-Montero, L.G., Quintana, S.M., Casermeiro, M.A., Pastor, I.O., de Cáceres, A.M., 2010. A GIS Raster Model for Assessing the Environmental Quality of Spain Focused on SEA and Infrastructure Planning Procedures (LATINO Model), in: Rauch, S., Morrison, G.M., Monzón, A. (Eds.), Highway and Urban Environment: Proceedings of the 9th Highway and Urban Environment Symposium, Alliance for Global Sustainability Bookseries. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 31–38.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Medical Microbiology.

Blog post

Hamilton, K., 2016. Why Getting Babies Into Strict Routines Isn’t All It’s Cracked Up To Be [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/why-getting-babies-into-strict-routines-isnt-all-its-cracked-up-to-be/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2000. GAO Report on Applying Agreed-Upon Procedures: Airport and Airway Trust Fund Excise Taxes (No. AIMD-00-81R). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sandoval, V., 2013. Preventing chronic truancy among Latino high school students: A grant proposal (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams, J., 2017. Looking at, and Beyond, a Lifetime of Anxiety. New York Times C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rahmstorf, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Rahmstorf, 2002; Schiermeier and Tollefson, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Schiermeier and Tollefson, 2007)
Three or more authors: (Schurig et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Medical Microbiology
Abbreviation	Int. J. Med. Microbiol.
ISSN (print)	1438-4221
Scope	Microbiology General Medicine Infectious Diseases Microbiology (medical)