How to format your references using the International Journal of Medical Microbiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Medical Microbiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik, P., 2003. Golden handcuffs. Nature 424, 351.

A journal article with 2 authors

Minamishima, Y.A., Kaelin, W.G., Jr, 2010. Reactivation of hepatic EPO synthesis in mice after PHD loss. Science 329, 407.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shanavas, K.V., Parker, D., Singh, D.J., 2014. Theoretical study on the role of dynamics on the unusual magnetic properties in MnBi. Sci. Rep. 4, 7222.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Jonietz, F., Mühlbauer, S., Pfleiderer, C., Neubauer, A., Münzer, W., Bauer, A., Adams, T., Georgii, R., Böni, P., Duine, R.A., Everschor, K., Garst, M., Rosch, A., 2010. Spin transfer torques in MnSi at ultralow current densities. Science 330, 1648–1651.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lippold, J.C., 2015. Welding Metallurgy and Weldability. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Thalmann, D., 2007. Crowd Simulation. Springer, London.

A chapter in an edited book

Zaki, M.J., 2010. Practical Graph Mining, in: Croitoru, M., Ferré, S., Lukose, D. (Eds.), Conceptual Structures: From Information to Intelligence: 18th International Conference on Conceptual Structures, ICCS 2010, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia, July 26-30, 2010. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 13–13.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Medical Microbiology.

Blog post

Luntz, S., 2016. A Metabolism Booster That Might Actually Be Real [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/a-metabolism-booster-that-might-actually-be-real/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1982. Aviation Safety Hazards (No. 121320). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Galvarin, M., 2008. Special education paraeducators as instructional support (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L., 2006. Justices, 5-3, Broadly Reject Bush Plan to Try Detainees. New York Times A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Minamishima and Kaelin, 2010; Smaglik, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Minamishima and Kaelin, 2010)
Three or more authors: (Jonietz et al., 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Medical Microbiology
Abbreviation	Int. J. Med. Microbiol.
ISSN (print)	1438-4221
Scope	Microbiology General Medicine Infectious Diseases Microbiology (medical)