How to format your references using the International Journal of Medical Microbiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Medical Microbiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hardt, W.-D., 2009. Journal club. An infection biologist points out an outstanding issue in mucosal immunology. Nature 459, 893.

A journal article with 2 authors

Brewer, P.G., Peltzer, E.T., 2009. OCEANS. Limits to marine life. Science 324, 347–348.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ben-Ami Bartal, I., Decety, J., Mason, P., 2011. Empathy and pro-social behavior in rats. Science 334, 1427–1430.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Shan, C.-J., Cheng, W.-W., Liu, J.-B., Cheng, Y.-S., Liu, T.-K., 2014. Scaling of geometric quantum discord close to a topological phase transition. Sci. Rep. 4, 4473.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Jevon, P., 2012. Paediatric Advanced Life Support. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., West Sussex, UK.

An edited book

Wolff, B.G., Fleshman, J.W., Beck, D.E., Pemberton, J.H., Wexner, S.D., Church, J.M., Garcia-Aguilar, J., Roberts, P.L., Saclarides, T.J., Stamos, M.J. (Eds.), 2007. The ASCRS Textbook of Colon and Rectal Surgery. Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Thorbecke, W., Bhattacharyay, B.N., Lim, H., Pasadilla, G.O., Anbumozhi, V., 2015. Rebalancing Production, in: Kawai, M., Lee, J.-W. (Eds.), Rebalancing for Sustainable Growth: Asia’s Postcrisis Challenge, Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Pacific. Springer Japan, Tokyo, pp. 103–142.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Medical Microbiology.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. Regenerative Medicine Has Huge Potential But It Does Not Come Cheap [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1973. Audit of the Expenditure of Funds by the District of Columbia Public Schools, FY 1970-1971 (No. B-118638). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Barrios, G., 2012. Outreach program to address the unmet needs of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans: A grant proposal (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

GEORGE GENE GUSTINES; Compiled by RACHEL LEE HARRIS, 2010. Love That Look, Wonder Woman. New York Times C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hardt, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Brewer and Peltzer, 2009; Hardt, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Brewer and Peltzer, 2009)
Three or more authors: (Shan et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Medical Microbiology
Abbreviation	Int. J. Med. Microbiol.
ISSN (print)	1438-4221
Scope	Microbiology General Medicine Infectious Diseases Microbiology (medical)