How to format your references using the International Journal of Material Forming citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Material Forming. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Serrano M (2011) Cancer: final act of senescence. Nature 479:481–482

A journal article with 2 authors

Ramesh KV, Goswami P (2014) Assessing reliability of regional climate projections: the case of Indian monsoon. Sci Rep 4:4071

A journal article with 3 authors

Theise ND, Krause DS, Sharkis S (2003) Comment on “Little evidence for developmental plasticity of adult hematopoietic stem cells.” Science 299:1317; author reply 1317

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Li Y, Jalil MBA, Tan SG, et al (2014) Chiral tunneling modulated by a time-periodic potential on the surface states of a topological insulator. Sci Rep 4:4624

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Raut R, Swamy MNS (2010) Modern Analog Filter Analysis and Design. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Biggeri L, Ferrari G (2010) Price Indexes in Time and Space: Methods and Practice. Physica-Verlag HD, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Coetzee L (2016) Global Tools Enhance Local Exchange through Community Currency in an Alternate Economy. In: Dey B, Sorour K, Filieri R (eds) ICTs in Developing Countries: Research, Practices and Policy Implications. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, pp 75–96

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Material Forming.

Blog post

Davis J (2017) New Robotic Exosuit Dramatically Cuts The Amount Of Energy Needed To Walk. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/new-robotic-exosuit-dramatically-cuts-the-amount-of-energy-needed-to-walk/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2010) Federal Student Loan Programs: Opportunities Exist to Improve Audit Requirements and Oversight Procedures. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Falcone JN (2017) For Pets’ Sake: Is There a Need for Dog Safety Community Education? Doctoral dissertation, Florida Atlantic University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario B (2017) Halsey Reaches the Top Of the Billboard Chart. New York Times C3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Material Forming
Abbreviation	Int. J. Mater. Form.
ISSN (print)	1960-6206
ISSN (online)	1960-6214
Scope	General Materials Science