How to format your references using the International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

G. Tyndall, Chemistry. Vibrational excitation can control tropospheric chemistry, Science 337 (2012) 1046–1047.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

W.N. Price 2nd, A.K. Rai, Drug Development. Are trade secrets delaying biosimilars?, Science 348 (2015) 188–189.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

S. Martignoli, F. Gomez, R. Stoop, Pitch sensation involves stochastic resonance, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 2676.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

L. David, A. Feldman, E. Mansfield, J. Lehman, G. Singh, Evaluating the thermal damage resistance of graphene/carbon nanotube hybrid composite coatings, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 4311.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

S. Obayya, Computational Photonics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2010.

An edited book

[1]

O. Scherzer, ed., Handbook of Mathematical Methods in Imaging, 2nd ed. 2015, Springer, New York, NY, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

M. Nagamachi, Kansei Engineering and Rough Sets Model, in: S. Greco, Y. Hata, S. Hirano, M. Inuiguchi, S. Miyamoto, H.S. Nguyen, R. Słowiński (Eds.), Rough Sets and Current Trends in Computing: 5th International Conference, RSCTC 2006 Kobe, Japan, November 6-8, 2006 Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006: pp. 27–37.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture.

Blog post

[1]

J. Davis, No Surprise As May Breaks Eighth Global Temperature Record In A Row, IFLScience (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/environment/no-surprise-as-may-breaks-eighth-global-temperature-record-in-a-row/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Telecommunications: Uneven Implementation of Wireless Enhanced 911 Raises Prospect of Piecemeal Availability for Years to Come, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2003.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

C.D. Williams, Playing the Hungarian card: An assessment of radical right impact on Slovak and Hungarian party systems and post-Communist democratic stability, Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

B. Boucher, Between Fable and Fact, New York Times (2017) BR9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture
ISSN (print)	2588-8404
Scope