How to format your references using the International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

P.N. Pusey, Physics. Brownian motion goes ballistic, Science 332 (2011) 802–803.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

R.J. Phipps, M.J. Gaunt, A meta-selective copper-catalyzed C-H bond arylation, Science 323 (2009) 1593–1597.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

J.H. Geisler, M.W. Colbert, J.L. Carew, A new fossil species supports an early origin for toothed whale echolocation, Nature 508 (2014) 383–386.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

J.C.F.M. Dortmans, J. Dekkers, I.N.A. Wickramasinghe, M.H. Verheije, P.J.M. Rottier, F.J.M. van Kuppeveld, E. de Vries, C.A.M. de Haan, Adaptation of novel H7N9 influenza A virus to human receptors, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 3058.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

D.A. Pachamanova, F.J. Fabozzi, Simulation and Optimization in Finance, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2010.

An edited book

[1]

C. Koutsojannis, S. Sirmakessis, eds., Tools and Applications with Artificial Intelligence, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

P. Reimann, Testing Times: Data and Their (Mis-)Use in Schools, in: H. Proctor, P. Brownlee, P. Freebody (Eds.), Controversies in Education: Orthodoxy and Heresy in Policy and Practice, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2015: pp. 39–53.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture.

Blog post

[1]

A. Carpineti, Astronomers Have Found “Light Echoes” Of Black Holes Feeding On Stars, IFLScience (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/space/astronomers-have-found-light-echoes-of-black-holes-feeding-on-stars/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Aviation Security: Cost Estimates Related to TSA Funding of Checked Baggage Screening Systems at Los Angeles and Ontario Airports, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

S. Paulone, Mergers and Acquisitions: Examining Managerial Strategy Connection to Post Transaction Accounting Measures, Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J.R. Oestreich, An Operatic Love Big Enough for a Vast Hall, New York Times (2016) C5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture
ISSN (print)	2588-8404
Scope