How to format your references using the International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Adam, D., 2014. Cause is not everything in mental illness. Nature 511, 509.

A journal article with 2 authors

Turecek, R., Trussell, L.O., 2001. Presynaptic glycine receptors enhance transmitter release at a mammalian central synapse. Nature 411, 587–590.

A journal article with 3 authors

Skoglund, G., Nockert, M., Holst, B., 2013. Viking and early Middle Ages northern Scandinavian textiles proven to be made with hemp. Sci. Rep. 3, 2686.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Sumbre, G., Muto, A., Baier, H., Poo, M.-M., 2008. Entrained rhythmic activities of neuronal ensembles as perceptual memory of time interval. Nature 456, 102–106.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Michaelian, K.H., 2005. Photoacoustic Infrared Spectroscopy. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Bourgeois, J., Minker, W. (Eds.), 2009. Time-Domain Beamforming and Blind Source Separation: Speech Input in the Car Environment, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer US, Boston, MA.

A chapter in an edited book

Alam, M.D., Gühl, U.F., 2016. Outlook, in: Gühl, U.F. (Ed.), Project-Management in Practice: A Guideline and Toolbox for Successful Projects. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 123–125.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice.

Blog post

Davis, J., 2015. Diabetes Cases In The U.K. Up 60% In The Last Decade [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/diabetes-cases-uk-60-last-decade/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2006. Financial Literacy and Education Commission: Further Progress Needed to Ensure an Effective National Strategy (No. GAO-07-100). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chongkrairatanakul, W., 2012. Foreign-educated nurses (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines, G.G., 2010. A World Of Words Reinvented In Pictures. New York Times C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Adam, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Adam, 2014; Turecek and Trussell, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Turecek and Trussell, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Sumbre et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice
Abbreviation	Int. J. Law Crime Justice
ISSN (print)	1756-0616
Scope	Law Sociology and Political Science Political Science and International Relations