How to format your references using the International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Moore, D.D., 2007. Physiology. Sister act. Science 316, 1436–1438.

A journal article with 2 authors

Surani, A., Tischler, J., 2012. Stem cells: a sporadic super state. Nature 487, 43–45.

A journal article with 3 authors

Grieco, F., van Noordwijk, A.J., Visser, M.E., 2002. Evidence for the effect of learning on timing of reproduction in blue tits. Science 296, 136–138.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Li, J., Mei, Z., Liu, L., Liang, H., Azarov, A., Kuznetsov, A., Liu, Y., Ji, A., Meng, Q., Du, X., 2014. Probing defects in nitrogen-doped Cu2O. Sci. Rep. 4, 7240.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Birke, D., 2013. Social Networks and their Economics. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Fässler, T.F. (Ed.), 2011. Zintl Phases: Principles and Recent Developments, Structure and Bonding. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Bos, J., Groenendijk, L., 2007. The art of imitation: Wilhelm Stekel’s Lehrjahre, in: Groenendijk, L., Sturm, J., Roazen, P. (Eds.), The Self-Marginalization of Wilhelm Stekel: Freudian Circles Inside and Out. Springer, New York, NY, pp. 85–100.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice.

Blog post

Andrew, D., 2016. What Do Olympians Actually Eat? [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/what-do-olympians-actually-eat/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2013. Information Technology: Consistently Applying Best Practices Could Help IRS Improve the Reliability of Reported Cost and Schedule Information (No. GAO-13-401). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Poldervaart, P.G., 2010. A qualitative study of nursing didactic programs: Novice nurses’ perception of competence, confidence, and retention (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schwartz, J., 2016. Max Ritvo, 25, Poet Who Chronicled His Cancer Fight. New York Times A14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Moore, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Moore, 2007; Surani and Tischler, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Surani and Tischler, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Li et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice
Abbreviation	Int. J. Law Crime Justice
ISSN (print)	1756-0616
Scope	Law Sociology and Political Science Political Science and International Relations