How to format your references using the International Journal of Impact Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Impact Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Whiten A. The second inheritance system of chimpanzees and humans. Nature 2005;437:52–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Tang S, Presgraves DC. Evolution of the Drosophila nuclear pore complex results in multiple hybrid incompatibilities. Science 2009;323:779–82.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Smolin JA, Smith G, Vargo A. Oversimplifying quantum factoring. Nature 2013;499:163–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Tzur A, Kafri R, LeBleu VS, Lahav G, Kirschner MW. Cell growth and size homeostasis in proliferating animal cells. Science 2009;325:167–71.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Kasper S, Montgomery S. Treatment-resistant Depression. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Nicholson W, Baptiste-Roberts K, editors. Obesity During Pregnancy in Clinical Practice. London: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Bondyra A, Nowicki M, Wietrzykowski J. TAPAS: A Robotic Platform for Autonomous Navigation in Outdoor Environments. In: Szewczyk R, Zieliński C, Kaliczyńska M, editors. Progress in Automation, Robotics and Measuring Techniques: Volume 2 Robotics, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015, p. 45–54.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Impact Engineering.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. How neuroscience is being used to spread quackery in business and education. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/how-neuroscience-being-used-spread-quackery-business-and-education/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. National Airspace System: Better Cost Data Could Improve FAA’s Management of the Standard Terminal Automation Replacement System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Watterson T. Changes in Attitudes and Behaviors Toward Physical Activity, Nutrition, and Social Support for Middle School Students Using the AFIT App as a Supplement to Instruction in a Physical Education Class. Doctoral dissertation. University of South Florida, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Cooper M. Listen In, With the Bird Man of Classical. New York Times 2017:C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Impact Engineering
Abbreviation	Int. J. Impact Eng.
ISSN (print)	0734-743X
Scope	Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Civil and Structural Engineering Mechanical Engineering Mechanics of Materials Ocean Engineering Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality