How to format your references using the International Journal of Impact Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Impact Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Lenski RE. Twice as natural. Nature 2001;414:255.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Onishi KH, Baillargeon R. Do 15-month-old infants understand false beliefs? Science 2005;308:255–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Deller AT, Bailes M, Tingay SJ. Implications of a VLBI distance to the double pulsar J0737-3039A/B. Science 2009;323:1327–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Spalding KL, Buchholz BA, Bergman L-E, Druid H, Frisén J. Forensics: age written in teeth by nuclear tests. Nature 2005;437:333–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Le Menn M. Instrumentation and Metrology in Oceanography. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

[1]

Jandial R, Chen MY, editors. Regenerative Biology of the Spine and Spinal Cord. New York, NY: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Im SH, Huang R. Morphological Instability and Kinetics of an Elastic Film on a Viscoelastic Layer. In: Sun QP, Tong P, editors. IUTAM Symposium on Size Effects on Material and Structural Behavior at Micron- and Nano-Scales: Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium held in Hong Kong, China, 31 May–4 June, 2004, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2006, p. 41–50.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Impact Engineering.

Blog post

[1]

Fang J. New Dinosaur Was Largest Known Terrestrial Predator Of The Jurassic. IFLScience 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Airport Financing: Annual Funding As Much As $3 Billion Less Than Planned Development. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

DeVito MA. Facebook Family Values: A News Feed Hierarchy Of Needs. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

This story was reported by C.J. Chivers, Arvedlund EE, Kishkovsky S, Chivers W by M. Editor’s Death Raises Questions About Change in Russia. New York Times 2004:13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Impact Engineering
Abbreviation	Int. J. Impact Eng.
ISSN (print)	0734-743X
Scope	Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Civil and Structural Engineering Mechanical Engineering Mechanics of Materials Ocean Engineering Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality