How to format your references using the International Journal of Gerontology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Gerontology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P. Big or small neuroscience? Nature. 2001;414(6860):3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Giessen H, Vogelgesang R. Physics. Glimpsing the weak magnetic field of light. Science. 2009;326(5952):529-530.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gestwicki JE, Crabtree GR, Graef IA. Harnessing chaperones to generate small-molecule inhibitors of amyloid beta aggregation. Science. 2004;306(5697):865-869.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zheng H, Li R, Zhang J, et al. Salivary biomarkers indicate obstructive sleep apnea patients with cardiovascular diseases. Sci Rep. 2014;4:7046.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Remy JG, Letamendia C. LTE Standards. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

Pérez DMC, Fain SM, Slater JJ, eds. Higher Education and Human Capital: Re/Thinking the Doctorate in America. SensePublishers; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Dahlgren MA. Higher Education and Becoming a Professional. In: Scanlon L, ed. “Becoming” a Professional: An Interdisciplinary Analysis of Professional Learning. Springer Netherlands; 2011:77-93.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Gerontology.

Blog post

Hale T. Tortoise Receives A 3D-Printed Shell After It Was Burnt In A Forest Fire. IFLScience. May 23, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/tortoise-receives-3d-printed-shell-after-it-was-burnt-forest-fire/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Human Capital Management: FAA’s Reform Effort Requires a More Strategic Approach. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zaegel BM. An Evaluation of the School-Wide Positive Behavior Intervention and Support Check In/Check Out Behavior Education Program. Doctoral dissertation. Lindenwood University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg B. The Fencer. New York Times. July 20, 2017:C8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Gerontology
Abbreviation	Int. J. Gerontol.
ISSN (print)	1873-9598
Scope	Geriatrics and Gerontology