How to format your references using the International Journal of Gerontology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Gerontology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Alexander RM. Evolution. Enhanced: A rodent as big as a buffalo. Science. 2003;301(5640):1678-1679.

A journal article with 2 authors

Anderson D, Brenner S. Obituary: Seymour Benzer (1921-2007). Nature. 2008;451(7175):139.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ng B, Cai W, Walsh K. The role of the SST-thermocline relationship in Indian Ocean Dipole skewness and its response to global warming. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6034.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Parikshak NN, Swarup V, Belgard TG, et al. Author Correction: Genome-wide changes in lncRNA, splicing, and regional gene expression patterns in autism. Nature. 2018;560(7718):E30.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pachamanova DA, Fabozzi FJ. Simulation and Optimization in Finance. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

Itakura S, Fujita K, eds. Origins of the Social Mind: Evolutionary and Developmental Views. Springer Japan; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Rozowsky J, Bertone P, Royce T, Weissman S, Snyder M, Gerstein M. Analysis of Genomic Tiling Microarrays for Transcript Mapping and the Identification of Transcription Factor Binding Sites. In: Setubal JC, Verjovski-Almeida S, eds. Advances in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology: Brazilian Symposium on Bioinformatics, BSB 2005, Sao Leopoldo, Brazil, July 27-29, 2005. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2005:28-29.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Gerontology.

Blog post

Luntz S. Rising Temperatures Lead To A Higher Proportion Of Girls Being Born Than Boys. IFLScience. Published October 9, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/fewer-boys-changing-climate/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Urban Transportation: Issues Related to the South Corridor Study. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Christiansen DA. Investigation of Magnetic Proximity Effect in Ferromagnet/Superconductor Thin Films by Low Temperature Magneto Optical Kerr Effect Measurement. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B. A Drink, and a Dissenting Opinion. New York Times. March 27, 2017:C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Gerontology
Abbreviation	Int. J. Gerontol.
ISSN (print)	1873-9598
Scope	Geriatrics and Gerontology