How to format your references using the International Journal of Forecasting citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Forecasting. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Heller, E. (2000). Electrons in the looking glass. Nature, 403(6769), 489, 491.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pennycook, S. J., & Kalinin, S. V. (2014). Microscopy: Hasten high resolution. Nature, 515(7528), 487–488.

A journal article with 3 authors

Whitfield, C. W., Cziko, A.-M., & Robinson, G. E. (2003). Gene expression profiles in the brain predict behavior in individual honey bees. Science (New York, N.Y.), 302(5643), 296–299.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Hilder, T. A., Ridone, P., Nakayama, Y., Martinac, B., & Chung, S.-H. (2014). Binding of fullerenes and nanotubes to MscL. Scientific Reports, 4, 5609.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kuehni, R. G. (2012). Color. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Groettrup, M. (Ed.). (2010). Conjugation and Deconjugation of Ubiquitin Family Modifiers: Subcellular Biochemistry (Vol. 54). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Shear, J. (2014). Converging on the Self: Western Philosophy, Eastern Meditation and Scientific Research. In S. Menon, A. Sinha, & B. V. Sreekantan (Eds.), Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Consciousness and the Self (pp. 41–50). Springer India.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Forecasting.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, June 12). This is What 200 Calories Worth Of Different Foods Looks Like. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/what-200-calories-looks-different-foods/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1999). Year 2000 Computing Challenge: Important Progress Made, But Much Work Remains to Avoid Disruption of Critical Services (T-AIMD-99-267). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chima-Okereke, O. (2010). The distinct VPS35 mutant, env1, exhibits unique protein mislocalization and processing phenotype [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Green, L. V. (2006, December 10). Beds of State. New York Times, LI15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Heller, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Heller, 2000; Pennycook & Kalinin, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Pennycook & Kalinin, 2014)
Three authors: (Whitfield et al., 2003)
6 or more authors: (Hilder et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Forecasting
Abbreviation	Int. J. Forecast.
ISSN (print)	0169-2070
Scope	Business and International Management