How to format your references using the International Journal of Forecasting citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Forecasting. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Verdin, E. (2015). NAD⁺ in aging, metabolism, and neurodegeneration. Science (New York, N.Y.), 350(6265), 1208–1213.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pelton, J. N., & Logsdon, J. (2008). Retrospective. Arthur C. Clarke (1917-2008). Science (New York, N.Y.), 320(5873), 189.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lohmann, C., Myhr, K. L., & Wong, R. O. L. (2002). Transmitter-evoked local calcium release stabilizes developing dendrites. Nature, 418(6894), 177–181.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Uga, Y., Yamamoto, E., Kanno, N., Kawai, S., Mizubayashi, T., & Fukuoka, S. (2013). A major QTL controlling deep rooting on rice chromosome 4. Scientific Reports, 3, 3040.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hahn, G. J., & Doganaksoy, N. (2011). A Career in Statistics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Özcan, A., Chaki, N., & Nagamalai, D. (Eds.). (2010). Recent Trends in Wireless and Mobile Networks: Second International Conference, WiMo 2010, Ankara, Turkey, June 26-28, 2010. Proceedings (Vol. 84). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Mathur, V. K., & Crawford, J. (2007). Fundamentals of Gas Diffusion Layers in PEM Fuel Cells. In S. Basu (Ed.), Recent Trends in Fuel Cell Science and Technology (pp. 116–128). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Forecasting.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, November 13). Could A Smartphone App Help Stop The Next Polio Outbreak In Pakistan? IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/could-smartphone-app-help-stop-next-polio-outbreak-pakistan/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1993). NASA Property: Improving Management of Government Equipment Provided to Contractors (NSIAD-93-191). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tornes, I. E. (2006). Topics in the Physics of Underdamped Josephson Systems [Doctoral dissertation]. Ohio State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Markoff, J. (2017, August 1). Massachusetts Start-Up Trumpets Advance in Battery Capacity. New York Times, B2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Verdin, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Pelton & Logsdon, 2008; Verdin, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Pelton & Logsdon, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Uga et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Forecasting
Abbreviation	Int. J. Forecast.
ISSN (print)	0169-2070
Scope	Business and International Management