How to format your references using the International Journal of Food Contamination citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Food Contamination. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pusey PN. Physics. Freezing and melting: action at grain boundaries. Science. 2005 Aug 19;309(5738):1198–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rieseberg LH, Willis JH. Plant speciation. Science. 2007 Aug 17;317(5840):910–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dietl GP, Herbert GS, Vermeij GJ. Reduced competition and altered feeding behavior among marine snails after a mass extinction. Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2229–31.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Lundegaard LF, Weck G, McMahon MI, Desgreniers S, Loubeyre P. Observation of an O8 molecular lattice in the epsilon phase of solid oxygen. Nature. 2006 Sep 14;443(7108):201–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sturges RH Jr. Practical Field Robotics. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

Nitiss JL, Heitman J, editors. Yeast as a Tool in Cancer Research. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Tobias ES. Genetic Counseling for Childhood Tumors and Inherited Cancer-Predisposing Syndromes. In: Carachi R, Grosfeld JL, editors. The Surgery of Childhood Tumors. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2016. p. 51–66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Food Contamination.

Blog post

Andrew E. New Invisibility Cloak Completely Conceals Objects [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2013 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/new-invisibility-cloak-completely-conceals-objects/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Transportation Financing: Challenges in Meeting Long-Term Funding Needs for FAA, Amtrak, and the Nation’s Highways. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997 May. Report No.: T-RCED-97-151.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Blumenthal PM. Local Land Use Regulatory Regimes and Residential Development Outcomes: An Analysis of Subdivision Review in Four Counties in the DC Region [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Apology Demanded For Latvian Insult. New York Times. 2004 Dec 22;A12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Pusey 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Pusey 2005; Rieseberg and Willis 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rieseberg and Willis 2007)
Three or more authors: (Lundegaard et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Food Contamination
Abbreviation	Int. J. Food Contam.
ISSN (online)	2196-2804
Scope