How to format your references using the International Journal of Food Contamination citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Food Contamination. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hutchings JA. Collapse and recovery of marine fishes. Nature. 2000 Aug 24;406(6798):882–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sprecher SG, Desplan C. Switch of rhodopsin expression in terminally differentiated Drosophila sensory neurons. Nature. 2008 Jul 24;454(7203):533–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tagkopoulos I, Liu Y-C, Tavazoie S. Predictive behavior within microbial genetic networks. Science. 2008 Jun 6;320(5881):1313–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Aubert J, Amit H, Hulot G, Olson P. Thermochemical flows couple the Earth’s inner core growth to mantle heterogeneity. Nature. 2008 Aug 7;454(7205):758–61.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Linder B. Thermodynamics and Introductory Statistical Mechanics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2004.

An edited book

Zaumseil M, Schwarz S, von Vacano M, Sullivan GB, Prawitasari-Hadiyono JE, editors. Cultural Psychology of Coping with Disasters: The Case of an Earthquake in Java, Indonesia. New York, NY: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Tuniz C, Gillespie R, Jones C. Stairway to Heaven: la scala di corallo. In: Gillespie R, Jones C, editors. I lettori di ossa. Milano: Springer; 2010. p. 57–68.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Food Contamination.

Blog post

Andrews R. Map Of Earth’s Mantle Reveals That It’s Churning 10 Times Faster Than We Thought [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/global-map-mantle-reveal-its-churning-around-ten-times-faster-we-previously-thought/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Physical Infrastructure: Challenges and Investment Options for the Nation’s Infrastructure. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2008 May. Report No.: GAO-08-763T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bontrager JG. Characterization and Applications for A Polymerized DiaCEST Contrast Agent [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tucson, AZ]: University of Arizona; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Powell M. Zen Phil Exits The Garden. The Knicks Will Endure. New York Times. 2017 Jun 28;B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hutchings 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Hutchings 2000; Sprecher and Desplan 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sprecher and Desplan 2008)
Three or more authors: (Aubert et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Food Contamination
Abbreviation	Int. J. Food Contam.
ISSN (online)	2196-2804
Scope