How to format your references using the International Journal of Exercise Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Exercise Science (IJES). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gangui A. Astronomy. A preposterous universe. Science 299(5611): 1333–4, 2003.

A journal article with 2 authors

Johnson PA, Jia X. Nonlinear dynamics, granular media and dynamic earthquake triggering. Nature 437(7060): 871–4, 2005.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kim J, Park S-M, Cho K-H. Discovery of a kernel for controlling biomolecular regulatory networks. Sci Rep 3: 2223, 2013.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Bigenzahn JW, Collu GM, Kartnig F, Pieraks M, Vladimer GI, Heinz LX, et al. LZTR1 is a regulator of RAS ubiquitination and signaling. Science , 2018.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Banks RE, Sharp JM, Doss SD, Vanderford DA. Exotic Small Mammal Care and Husbandry. Ames, Iowa, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016.

An edited book

Luján HD, Svärd S (eds.). Giardia: A Model Organism. Vienna: Springer, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Goodess CM, Agnew MD, Giannakopoulos C, Hemming D, Salem SB, Bindi M, et al. Integration of the Climate Impact Assessments with Future Projections. In: Regional Assessment of Climate Change in the Mediterranean: Volume 3: Case Studies. Navarra A, Tubiana L, eds. . Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Exercise Science.

Blog post

Luntz S. New Survey Reveals More Mysteries At Stonehenge [Internet]. IFLScience. , 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Educational Laboratory and Research and Development Center Programs Need To Be Strengthened. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1973.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Alvarez DJ. Piloted simulation study comparing classical and robust flight control design methods [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Turkewitz J. A State Inquiry Is Said To Target Job Agencies. New York Times. A23, 2013.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (2).
This sentence cites two references (2,4).
This sentence cites four references (3,5,7,8).

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Exercise Science
ISSN (print)	1939-795X
Scope