How to format your references using the International Journal of Emergency Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Emergency Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Greenspan NS. You can’t have it all. Nature. 2001;409:137.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Lloyd-Jones GC, Ball LT. Catalysis. Self-control tames the coupling of reactive radicals. Science. 2014;345:381–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Guler U, Boltasseva A, Shalaev VM. Applied physics. Refractory plasmonics. Science. 2014;344:263–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Wang X, He F, Zhu X, Tang F, Li L. Hybrid silver nanoparticle/conjugated polyelectrolyte nanocomposites exhibiting controllable metal-enhanced fluorescence. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4406.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Attwood D, Baybutt P, Devlin C, Fluharty W, Hughes G, Isaacson D, et al. Human Factors Methods for Improving Performance in the Process Industries. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2006.

An edited book

1. Beck ACS, Lang Lisbôa CA, Carro L, editors. Adaptable Embedded Systems. New York, NY: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Yusnita MA, Paulraj MP, Yaacob S, Shahriman AB, Yusuf R, Fadzilah MN. Robustness Analysis of Feature Extractors for Ethnic Identification of Malaysian English Accents Database. In: Yacob NA, Mohamed M, Megat Hanafiah MAK, editors. Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2014): Science and Technology. Singapore: Springer; 2016. p. 47–55.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Emergency Medicine.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. 10 +3 Simple Ways to Reduce Your Cancer Risk. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Air Traffic Control: Computer Capacity Shortfalls May Impair Flight Safety. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989 Jul. Report No.: IMTEC-89-63.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Bladen L. Relationship of Embodied Nursing Knowledge and Client Outcomes in Home Health [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Williams J. Alcoholism in America. New York Times. 2017 Jul 7;BR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Emergency Medicine
Abbreviation	Int. J. Emerg. Med.
ISSN (print)	1865-1372
ISSN (online)	1865-1380
Scope	Emergency Medicine