How to format your references using the International Journal of Emergency Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Emergency Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Clary DC. Quantum dynamics of chemical reactions. Science. 2008;321:789–91.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Helin K, Dhanak D. Chromatin proteins and modifications as drug targets. Nature. 2013;502:480–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Smolin JA, Smith G, Vargo A. Oversimplifying quantum factoring. Nature. 2013;499:163–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Bai L-P, Hagihara M, Nakatani K, Jiang Z-H. Recognition of chelerythrine to human telomeric DNA and RNA G-quadruplexes. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6767.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Ng R. Drugs. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

1. Umeda M, Wolf A, Bartenstein O, Geske U, Seipel D, Takata O, editors. Declarative Programming for Knowledge Management: 16th International Conference on Applications of Declarative Programming and Knowledge Management, INAP 2005, Fukuoka, Japan, October 22-24, 2005. Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Rephaeli Y, Nevalainen J, Ohashi T, Bykov AM. Nonthermal Phenomena in Clusters of Galaxies. In: Kaastra J, editor. Clusters of Galaxies: Beyond the Thermal View. New York, NY: Springer; 2008. p. 71–92.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Emergency Medicine.

Blog post

1. Andrew D. Genetic Testing Isn’t A Crystal Ball For Your Health [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/genetic-testing-isnt-a-crystal-ball-for-your-health/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Recovery Act: States’ Use of Highway Infrastructure Funds and Compliance with the Act’s Requirements. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009 Jul. Report No.: GAO-09-926T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Kannanthanathu AF. Wavelet Transform and Ensemble Logistic Regression for Driver Drowsiness Detection [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Vlasic B, Chapman MM. VW Starts Down Road of Winning Back Americans. New York Times. 2016 Jan 11;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Emergency Medicine
Abbreviation	Int. J. Emerg. Med.
ISSN (print)	1865-1372
ISSN (online)	1865-1380
Scope	Emergency Medicine