How to format your references using the International Journal of Electronic Commerce citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Electronic Commerce. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Voelkle, M.C. Social psychology. Comment on “Morality in everyday life.” Science (New York, N.Y.), 348, 6236 (2015), 767.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Teh, O.-K.; and Moore, I. An ARF-GEF acting at the Golgi and in selective endocytosis in polarized plant cells. Nature, 448, 7152 (2007), 493–496.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Zhang, C.; Chan, C.T.; and Hu, X. Broadband focusing and collimation of water waves by zero refractive index. Scientific reports, 4, (2014), 6979.

A journal article with 15 or more authors

1. Zhu, Z.; Zheng, T.; Homer, R.J.; Kim, Y.-K.; Chen, N.Y.; Cohn, L.; Hamid, Q.; and Elias, J.A. Acidic mammalian chitinase in asthmatic Th2 inflammation and IL-13 pathway activation. Science (New York, N.Y.), 304, 5677 (2004), 1678–1682.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Brook, C.G.D.; and Dattani, M.T. Handbook of Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.

An edited book

1. Ando, N. (ed.). Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Diagnosis and Treatment. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Cataudella, V.; De Filippis, G.; and Perroni, C.A. Single Polaron Properties in Different Electron Phonon Models. In A.S. Alexandrov (ed). Polarons in Advanced MaterialsDordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007, pp. 149–189.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Electronic Commerce.

Blog post

1. O`Callaghan, J. A Major Barrier To Drone Deliveries In The US Is Finally Being Lifted. IFLScience, (2016).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Nanotechnology: Accuracy of Data on Federally Funded Environmental, Health, and Safety Research Could Be Improved. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2008.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Chatterji, S. A novel agent-based dynamic load balancing model for cloud networks. (2016).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Erlanger, S.; and Smale, A. Rise of Centrist In French Voting Calms E.U. Nerves. New York Times, (2017), A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [2].
This sentence cites two references [3; 4].
This sentence cites four references [3; 4; 6; 8].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Electronic Commerce
Abbreviation	Int. J. Electron. Commer.
ISSN (print)	1086-4415
Scope	Business and International Management Economics and Econometrics