How to format your references using the International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

N.W. Murray, Astronomy. Evidence of things not seen, Science 336 (2012) 1121–1122.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

C.S. Hulleman, J.M. Harackiewicz, Promoting interest and performance in high school science classes, Science 326 (2009) 1410–1412.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

X. Zhang, Y. Zhu, S. Granick, Hydrophobicity at a Janus interface, Science 295 (2002) 663–666.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

X. Lu, B. Huang, J. Zheng, Y. Tao, W. Yu, L. Tang, R. Zhu, S. Li, L. Li, Decompressive craniectomy for the treatment of malignant infarction of the middle cerebral artery, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 7070.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

D. Morley, Communications and Mobility, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2017.

An edited book

[1]

J.L. Fiadeiro, N. Harman, M. Roggenbach, J. Rutten, eds., Algebra and Coalgebra in Computer Science: First International Conference, CALCO 2005, Swansea, UK, September 3-6, 2005. Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

S. Chatterjee, A. Menezes, B. Ustaoglu, Combined Security Analysis of the One- and Three-Pass Unified Model Key Agreement Protocols, in: G. Gong, K.C. Gupta (Eds.), Progress in Cryptology - INDOCRYPT 2010: 11th International Conference on Cryptology in India, Hyderabad, India, December 12-15, 2010. Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010: pp. 49–68.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction.

Blog post

[1]

J. Davis, There Might be Fewer Galaxies out in the Universe Than Expected, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/space/there-might-be-fewer-galaxies-further-out-universe-expected/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Need To Strengthen Management Control Over the Basic Research Program Administered by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1971.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

C.L. Husted, Systematic differentiation between Dark and Light Leaders: Is a corporate criminal profile possible?, Doctoral dissertation, Capella University, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

E. Lipton, B. Protess, A.W. Lehren, Raft of Potential Conflicts In President’s Appointees, New York Times (2017) A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
Abbreviation	Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct.
ISSN (print)	2212-4209
Scope	Geology Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology Safety Research