How to format your references using the International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

J. Schmollinger, Easing the journey back home, Nature 416 (2002) 5.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

A.L. Singer, G.A. Koretzky, Control of T cell function by positive and negative regulators, Science 296 (2002) 1639–1640.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

K.R. Vinothkumar, J. Zhu, J. Hirst, Architecture of mammalian respiratory complex I, Nature 515 (2014) 80–84.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

R. Ushioda, J. Hoseki, K. Araki, G. Jansen, D.Y. Thomas, K. Nagata, ERdj5 is required as a disulfide reductase for degradation of misfolded proteins in the ER, Science 321 (2008) 569–572.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

K. Fitschen, Building Reliable Trading Systems, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2013.

An edited book

[1]

V. Mařík, J.L.M. Lastra, P. Skobelev, eds., Industrial Applications of Holonic and Multi-Agent Systems: 6th International Conference, HoloMAS 2013, Prague, Czech Republic, August 26-28, 2013. Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Y. Li, M. Thomason, L.E. Parker, Sequential Anomaly Detection Using Wireless Sensor Networks in Unknown Environment, in: P. Spagnolo, P.L. Mazzeo, C. Distante (Eds.), Human Behavior Understanding in Networked Sensing: Theory and Applications of Networks of Sensors, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2014: pp. 99–123.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction.

Blog post

[1]

J. Davis, 7 Species Of Bees Granted Endangered Species Protection For The First Time Ever, IFLScience (2016).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Aviation Safety: FAA Action Plan for Chicago O’Hare International Airport, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

O. Robertson, Gender and Crew Resource Management: A Phenomenological Qualitative Study, Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

C. Kelly, O.K., Google, Take a Deep Breath, New York Times (2012) BU1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
Abbreviation	Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct.
ISSN (print)	2212-4209
Scope	Geology Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology Safety Research