How to format your references using the International Journal of Digital Earth citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Digital Earth. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dehant, Veronique. 2003. “Planetary Science. A Liquid Core for Mars?” Science (New York, N.Y.) 300 (5617): 260–261.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lotti, Marcello, and Pierluigi Nicotera. 2002. “Toxicology: A Risky Business.” Nature 416 (6880): 481.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pavlov, P., J. I. Svendsen, and S. Indrelid. 2001. “Human Presence in the European Arctic Nearly 40,000 Years Ago.” Nature 413 (6851): 64–67.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Juodkazis, S., N. Mukai, R. Wakaki, A. Yamaguchi, S. Matsuo, and H. Misawa. 2000. “Reversible Phase Transitions in Polymer Gels Induced by Radiation Forces.” Nature 408 (6809): 178–181.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ruiz, Jose-Luis. 2017. Supra-Gingival Minimally Invasive Dentistry. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Silverman, Barry G., Ashlesha Jain, Ajita Ichalkaranje, and Lakhmi C. Jain, eds. 2005. Intelligent Paradigms for Healthcare Enterprises. Vol. 184. Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Pelekis, Nikos, and Yannis Theodoridis. 2014. “Mobility Database Management.” In Mobility Data Management and Exploration, edited by Yannis Theodoridis, 75–99. New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Digital Earth.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2015. “Sparkling Galaxy Cluster Core Inexplicably Wakes Up.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/sparkling-galaxy-cluster-core-waking/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1981. Alternatives for Funding a GI Bill. FPCD-81-45. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ayhan, Murat Seckin. 2015. “A Probabilistic Biomarker for Alzheimer’s Disease.” Doctoral dissertation, Lafayette, LA: University of Louisiana.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schwartz, Nelson D. 2011. “A Seer on Banks Raises a Furor on Bonds.” New York Times, February 8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Dehant 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Dehant 2003; Lotti and Nicotera 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lotti and Nicotera 2002)
Three authors: (Pavlov, Svendsen, and Indrelid 2001)
4 or more authors: (Juodkazis et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Digital Earth
Abbreviation	Int. J. Digit. Earth
ISSN (print)	1753-8947
ISSN (online)	1753-8955
Scope	Computer Science Applications Software General Earth and Planetary Sciences