How to format your references using the International Journal of Digital Earth citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Digital Earth. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Höfte, H. 2001. “Plant Biology. A Baroque Residue in Red Wine.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 294 (5543): 795–797.

A journal article with 2 authors

Testa, Giuseppe, and John Harris. 2004. “Genetics. Ethical Aspects of ES Cell-Derived Gametes.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 305 (5691): 1719.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wang, Bo, Jin Chen, and Richard T. Corlett. 2014. “Factors Influencing Repeated Seed Movements by Scatter-Hoarding Rodents in an Alpine Forest.” Scientific Reports 4 (April): 4786.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Fleury, Vincent, Wesley A. Watters, Levy Allam, and Thierry Devers. 2002. “Rapid Electroplating of Insulators.” Nature 416 (6882): 716–719.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Taylor, Fred J. 2011. Digital Filters. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Ambroziak, Adam A., ed. 2014. New Cohesion Policy of the European Union in Poland: How It Will Influence the Investment Attractiveness of Regions in 2014-2020. Contributions to Economics. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Farhadian, Charles E., and Robert A. Emmons. 2010. “The Psychology of Forgiveness in the World Religions.” In Forgiveness and Reconciliation: Psychological Pathways to Conflict Transformation and Peace Building, edited by Raymond F. Paloutzian, 55–70. New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Digital Earth.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2014. “Marriage of Ancient and Modern Makes Rosetta Mission a True Space Odyssey.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/marriage-ancient-and-modern-makes-rosetta-mission-true-space-odyssey/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2014. Department of Homeland Security: Actions Needed to Strengthen Management of Research and Development. GAO-14-865T. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McCallister, Karri. 2015. “I Didn’t Mean to Show the Dirt.” Doctoral dissertation, Edwardsville, IL: Southern Illinois University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin, John. 2017. “And the Emmy Goes to Politics.” New York Times, September 18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Höfte 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Höfte 2001; Testa and Harris 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Testa and Harris 2004)
Three authors: (Wang, Chen, and Corlett 2014)
4 or more authors: (Fleury et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Digital Earth
Abbreviation	Int. J. Digit. Earth
ISSN (print)	1753-8947
ISSN (online)	1753-8955
Scope	Computer Science Applications Software General Earth and Planetary Sciences