How to format your references using the International Journal of Colorectal Disease citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Colorectal Disease. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Xu X (2010) Journal club. A palaeontologist considers the evolution of birds’ mechanism of breathing. Nature 464:961

A journal article with 2 authors

Frey BJ, Dueck D (2007) Clustering by passing messages between data points. Science 315:972–976

A journal article with 3 authors

Hoffecker JF, Elias SA, O’Rourke DH (2014) Anthropology. Out of Beringia? Science 343:979–980

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Shen Q-H, Saijo Y, Mauch S, et al (2007) Nuclear activity of MLA immune receptors links isolate-specific and basal disease-resistance responses. Science 315:1098–1103

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Archer RD (2002) Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, USA

An edited book

Huang T, Zeng Z, Li C, Leung CS (2012) Neural Information Processing: 19th International Conference, ICONIP 2012, Doha, Qatar, November 12-15, 2012, Proceedings, Part III. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Gruba P, Cárdenas-Claros MS, Suvorov R, Rick K (2016) Meso-Level Evaluation. In: Cárdenas-Claros MS, Suvorov R, Rick K (eds) Blended Language Program Evaluation. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, pp 65–84

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Colorectal Disease.

Blog post

Taub B (2016) This Is Why Your Nose Looks Like It Does. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/why-your-nose-looks-it-does/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2009) Federal Lands: Enhanced Planning Could Assist Agencies in Managing Increased Use of Off-Highway Vehicles. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Saguilig LG (2017) A Clinical Decision Support System for the Prevention of Genetic-Related Heart Disease. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S (2003) A Homecoming for Balanchine; City Ballet Shows St. Petersburg That a Master’s Art Is Still Alive. New York Times E1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Colorectal Disease
Abbreviation	Int. J. Colorectal Dis.
ISSN (print)	0179-1958
ISSN (online)	1432-1262
Scope	Gastroenterology