How to format your references using the International Journal of Clinical Rheumatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Clinical Rheumatology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brand S. Earth monitoring: Whole Earth comes into focus. Nature. 450(7171), 797 (2007).

A journal article with 2 authors

Shapiro NM, Koulakov I. Geophysics. Probing the underbelly of a supervolcano. Science. 348(6236), 758–759 (2015).

A journal article with 3 authors

Jansens A, van Duijn E, Braakman I. Coordinated nonvectorial folding in a newly synthesized multidomain protein. Science. 298(5602), 2401–2403 (2002).

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Atatüre M, Dreiser J, Badolato A, Högele A, Karrai K, Imamoglu A. Quantum-dot spin-state preparation with near-unity fidelity. Science. 312(5773), 551–553 (2006).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kang CW, Kvam PH. Basic Statistical Tools for Improving Quality. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Sacchetti E. Adherence to Antipsychotics in Schizophrenia. Springer, Milano.

A chapter in an edited book

Hosoda S, Nonaka M, Tomita T, Taguchi B, Tomita H, Iwasaka N. Impact of downward heat penetration below the shallow seasonal thermocline on the sea surface temperature. In: “Hot Spots” in the Climate System: New Developments in the Extratropical Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction Research. Nakamura H, Isobe A, Minobe S, Mitsudera H, Nonaka M, Suga T (Eds.), Springer Japan, Tokyo, 73–89 (2016).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Clinical Rheumatology.

Blog post

Fang J. Fossil Fuel Emissions Could Mess With Radiocarbon Dating [Internet]. IFLScience (2015). Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/fossil-fuel-emissions-could-mess-carbon-dating/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. U.S. Objectives Generally Achieved at Broadcasting Satellite International Conference--Improvements Can Help in Future Conferences. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Calhoun GF. Limit theory for overfit models. (2009).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K. Burgers With Attitude. New York Times, NJ9 (2010).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Clinical Rheumatology
Abbreviation	Int. J. Clin. Rheumtol.
ISSN (print)	1758-4272
ISSN (online)	1758-4280
Scope	Rheumatology