How to format your references using the International Journal of Biological Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Biological Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Conrad J. Reproducibility: Don’t cry wolf. Nature. 2015 Jul 2;523(7558):27–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Dubcovsky J, Dvorak J. Genome plasticity a key factor in the success of polyploid wheat under domestication. Science. 2007 Jun 29;316(5833):1862–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gagné JP, Rouleau M, Poirier GG. Structural biology. PARP-1 activation--bringing the pieces together. Science. 2012 May 11;336(6082):678–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Marlovits TC, Kubori T, Sukhan A, Thomas DR, Galán JE, Unger VM. Structural insights into the assembly of the type III secretion needle complex. Science. 2004 Nov 5;306(5698):1040–2.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Denham BE. Categorical Statistics for Communication Research. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

Verhoeven JTA, Beltman B, Bobbink R, Whigham DF, editors. Wetlands and Natural Resource Management. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006. XXII, 354 p. (Ecological Studies, Analysis and Synthesis; vol. 190).

A chapter in an edited book

Ghorani-Azam A, Balali-Mood M. Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology of Mustard Compounds. In: Balali-Mood M, Abdollahi M, editors. Basic and Clinical Toxicology of Mustard Compounds. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 63–99.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Biological Sciences.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. “Perfect Lens” Breakthrough Could Turn Your Smartphone Into An Ultra-Powerful Microscope. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/perfect-lens-breakthrough-could-turn-your-smartphone-scanning-electron-microscope/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Telecommunications: National Broadband Plan Reflects the Experiences of Leading Countries, but Implementation Will Be Challenging. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2010 Sep. Report No.: GAO-10-825.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Washburn SJ. The Epiphytic Macrolichens of the Greater Cincinnati, Ohio, Metropolitan Area [Doctoral dissertation]. [Cincinnati, OH]: University of Cincinnati; 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. Syndergaard Has to Take Mets’ Offer. New York Times. 2017 Mar 4;D5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Biological Sciences
Abbreviation	Int. J. Biol. Sci.
ISSN (online)	1449-2288
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Cell Biology Developmental Biology Molecular Biology Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology