How to format your references using the International Journal for Quality Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal for Quality Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Yuan, J. (2014). Applied physics: Bright electron twisters. Nature, 509(7498), 37–38.

A journal article with 2 authors

Peebles, P. J. E., & Unruh, W. G. (2008). Obituary: John Wheeler (1911-2008). Nature, 453(7191), 50.

A journal article with 3 authors

Miller, C. J., Nichol, R. C., & Batuski, D. J. (2001). Acoustic oscillations in the early universe and today. Science (New York, N.Y.), 292(5525), 2302–2303.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Rossi, A., Kapahi, P., Natoli, G., Takahashi, T., Chen, Y., Karin, M., & Santoro, M. G. (2000). Anti-inflammatory cyclopentenone prostaglandins are direct inhibitors of IkappaB kinase. Nature, 403(6765), 103–108.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bowling, J. (2011). Diagnostic Dermoscopy. Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Saberi Mohamad, M., Rocha, M. P., Fdez-Riverola, F., Domínguez Mayo, F. J., & De Paz, J. F. (Eds.). (2016). 10th International Conference on Practical Applications of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics (Vol. 477). Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Crowe, M. L., Rychtář, J., Rueppell, O., Chhetri, M., Remington, D. L., & Gupta, S. N. (2013). Proving the “Proof”: Interdisciplinary Undergraduate Research Positively Impacts Students. In J. Rychtář, S. Gupta, R. Shivaji, & M. Chhetri (Eds.), Topics from the 8th Annual UNCG Regional Mathematics and Statistics Conference (pp. 25–29). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal for Quality Research.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2015, April 18). How Octopuses Coordinate Their Gangly Arms as they Crawl. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2015). Transportation Infrastructure: Information on Bridge Conditions (GAO-16-72R). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Grigoryan, A. (2015). Feedback 2.0 in online writing instruction: Combining audio-visual and text-based commentary to enhance student revision and writing competency [Doctoral dissertation]. Pepperdine University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt), S. K. (2004, May 27). World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Put On A Happy Face. New York Times, A14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Yuan, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Peebles & Unruh, 2008; Yuan, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Peebles & Unruh, 2008)
Three authors: (Miller et al., 2001)
6 or more authors: (Rossi et al., 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal for Quality Research
ISSN (print)	1800-6450
ISSN (online)	1800-7473
Scope