How to format your references using the Interfaces citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Interfaces. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Barman T (2014) Astronomy: A new spin on exoplanets. Nature 509(7498):41–42.

A journal article with 2 authors

Maniatis T, Tasic B (2002) Alternative pre-mRNA splicing and proteome expansion in metazoans. Nature 418(6894):236–243.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hwang J, Timusk T, Gu GD (2004) High-transition-temperature superconductivity in the absence of the magnetic-resonance mode. Nature 427(6976):714–717.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Boch J, Scholze H, Schornack S, Landgraf A, Hahn S, Kay S, Lahaye T, Nickstadt A, Bonas U (2009) Breaking the code of DNA binding specificity of TAL-type III effectors. Science 326(5959):1509–1512.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

bauforumstahl e.V. (2011) Beispiele zur Bemessung von Stahltragwerken nach DIN EN 1993 Eurocode 3 (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany).

An edited book

Ubiali M, Wehrle M eds. (2015) Feeling and Value, Willing and Action: Essays in the Context of a Phenomenological Psychology (Springer International Publishing, Cham).

A chapter in an edited book

Carey A, Gesztesy F, Levitina G, Sukochev F (2016) The Spectral Shift Function and the Witten Index. Mantoiu M, Raikov G, Tiedra de Aldecoa R, eds. Spectral Theory and Mathematical Physics. Operator Theory: Advances and Applications. (Springer International Publishing, Cham), 71–105.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Interfaces.

Blog post

Davis J (2017) Poorer Nations Are More Committed To Wildlife Conservation Than Richer Ones. IFLScience. Retrieved (October 30, 2018), https://www.iflscience.com/environment/poorer-nations-are-more-committed-to-wildlife-conservation-than-richer-ones/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1993) Contract Award Practices: Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority Generally Observes Competitive Principles (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Trahan MW (2015) Large-scale 20th Century Warming Identified in the East Siberian Arctic Using Tree-ring Carbon Isotope Records. Doctoral dissertation. (University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K (2009) A Fresh Pita Oasis, Plus Kebabs and Flatbreads. New York Times (April 26).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Barman 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Barman 2014, Maniatis and Tasic 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Maniatis and Tasic 2002)
Three or more authors: (Boch et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Interfaces
Abbreviation	Interfaces (Providence)
ISSN (print)	0092-2102
ISSN (online)	1526-551X
Scope	Management of Technology and Innovation Strategy and Management Management Science and Operations Research