How to format your references using the Interface Focus citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Interface Focus. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Connor CE. 2010 Neuroscience. A new viewpoint on faces. Science 330, 764–765.

A journal article with 2 authors

Atkins JF, Gesteland R. 2002 Biochemistry. The 22nd amino acid. Science 296, 1409–1410.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lee E, Pandey NB, Popel AS. 2014 Lymphatic endothelial cells support tumor growth in breast cancer. Sci. Rep. 4, 5853.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Nakanishi H et al. 2009 Photoconductance and inverse photoconductance in films of functionalized metal nanoparticles. Nature 460, 371–375.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rees PA. 2011 An Introduction to Zoo Biology and Management. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Schmidt M, Kelle A, Ganguli-Mitra A, Vriend H, editors. 2010 Synthetic Biology: The technoscience and its societal consequences. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Harris K. 2010 Selling and Building Linked Data: Drive Value and Gain Momentum. In Linking Enterprise Data (ed D Wood), pp. 65–76. Boston, MA: Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Interface Focus.

Blog post

Hale T. 2016 Parents Who Feed Kids Vegan Diets Could Go To Jail Under Proposed Italian Law. IFLScience. See https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/parents-who-feed-kids-vegan-diets-could-go-to-jail-under-proposed-italian-law/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1974 CH-53E Helicopter.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Peterson C. 2008 Psycho-socio-cultural risk factors for breech presentation. Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams J. 2017 3 Important Men and 1 Stressful Season. New York Times, 6 August. , C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Interface Focus
Abbreviation	Interface Focus
ISSN (print)	2042-8898
ISSN (online)	2042-8901
Scope	Biochemistry Biophysics Biotechnology Bioengineering Biomedical Engineering Biomaterials